1968: East Los Angeles Walkouts 1968: The Young Lord's Organization/Party 1970: National Chicano Moratorium 1973: San Antonio ISD v. Even with the rejection from the Board of Education, the event remains one of the largest student protests in United States history. This digital archive collects and provides access to the research and resources for students, faculty, and staff of the CSULA community. 1. Frustrated with the previous generation's efforts to win equal treatment by portraying themselves as racially white, the Chicano protesters demanded justice as proud members of a brown race. For a deeper exploration specific to Chicano identity, consider reading the poem I am Joaquin/Yo Soy Joaquin, which is used in Extension 2 in this lesson. The East L.A. walkouts is only one of the important markers signifying the beginnings of a political revolution that would eventually span the entire Southwest of the U.S. The project focused on the historic role that baseball played within the Mexican-American communities of Los Angeles County and the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. Part five of Latino Americans details the creation of the proud Chicano identity, as labor leaders organize farm workers and activists push for better education opportunities for Latinos, the inclusion of Latino studies, and political empowerment. One of the sources is visual, which you may wish to take into consideration when assigning sources. The encyclopedia, edited by Vicki L. Ruiz and Virginia Snchez-Korrol, is the first comprehensive gathering of scholarship on Latinas. Perspective map of the city of Laredo, Texas, the Gateway to and from Mexico. Repositories for this collection include: Lesbian Herstory Educational Foundation; Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives; Women's Energy Bank; GLBT Historical Society; National Library of Medicine; among other archives.For a detailed title list, please check. As a full class, discuss the resources that students explored in the Big Paper activity. This database focuses on the 19th and 20th centuries, Women's Issues and Identities provides a history of the social, political, and professional aspects of women's lives and offers a look at the roles, experiences, and achievements of women in society. Finding documents that reflect the experiences of those outside of the mainstream culture is difficult, since historical archives tend to contain materials produced by the privileged and governing classes of society. Chvez examines and chronicles the ideas and tactics of the insurgency's leaders and their followers who, while differing in their goals and tactics, nonetheless came together as Chicanos and reformers. The collection contains 150,000 pages of rare archival content, including seminal texts, letters, periodicals, speeches, interviews, and ephemera. [3] Much like the non-violent Black student sit-ins in Greensboro N.C. that had happened eight years prior, the Los Angeles strike signaled the beginnings of a powerful Chicano student movement throughout the Southwestern United States. [4] Before the strikes ended, more than 10,000 students would join in on the strike in states all over the Southwest all the way to South Texas. February 28, 2020. He demonstrates how racial prejudice led to police brutality and judicial discrimination that in turn spurred Chicano militancy. Berg Fashion Library provides integrated text and image content on world dress and fashion throughout history. Some questions that may be useful to guide their conversation include: California Grape Workers Strike: 196566. The Breed Street Shul was built as a place of worship in 1922. Listen to #DisruptTexts founder Julia Torres about taking a critical lens to text selection in ELA classrooms. How was this demand trying to expand the story told about Mexican American students? If students chose to write in other languages, they can translate their responses for their classmates during the discussion. Provides full-text for Congressional Committee Prints, House and Senate Documents and Reports (Congressional Serial Set), Hearings, and Legislative Histories. In March 1968, thousands of Chicano students walked out of their East Los Angeles high schools and middle schools to protest decades of inferior and discriminatory education in the so-called "Mexican Schools." Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. Facing History & Ourselves is designed for educators who want to help students explore identity, think critically, grow emotionally, act ethically, and participate in civic life. In this lesson, students will learn about the relationship between education, identity, and activism through an exploration of the 1968 East Los Angeles school walkouts. How were some students and teachers trying to change the story told about Mexican American students? For others, it is a term that divides between different Latinx nationalities and ethnicities or even is a source of oppression. Issues of equity and education have long existed in our country and continue to manifest today. What does an education that honors all students look like and feel like? East Los Angeles Community Union (TELACU)(View Collection Guide). A nonprofit digital library of public domain material, including the Way Back Machine. However, Sal Castro remained imprisoned even after police released 12 other organizers. Divided into three sections, Creating Social Landscapes, Racialized Identities, and Unearthing Voices, the pieces cover issues as diverse as the Mexican-American Presbyterian community, the female voice in the history of the Texas borderlands, and Tejano roots on the Louisiana-Texas border in the 18th and 19th centuries. Through partnerships with organizations in Latin America and globally, LANIC's mission is to facilitate access to online information on, from, or about Latin America. The East L.A. School Walkouts were an expression of the frustration over the treatment of the larger Chicano community by Anglos both in and out of the classroom. The East LA school walkouts were one manifestation of the Chicano Movement, which promoted the rights of Mexican Americans in the United States Even with the rejection from the Board of Education, the event remains one of the largest student protests in United States history. Fifty-three years ago, over 15,000 students from seven high schools in East Los Angeles walked out of their classrooms in protest against education inequality.These schools were underfunded and racist towards Mexican-American youth and other neglected minority groups. In some schools, teachers prohibitedstudents from speaking Spanish, and in others, school staff recommended Mexican-American students educational curriculummeant to help students with mental disabilities. In current usage, the term can be divisive. Unfortunately, thirteen members that were involved with the planning and organization of the East L.A. walkouts would be targeted and arrested for treason by COINTELPRO and the federal government. Listen to writer and educator, Dr. Clint Smith, where we hear his poetry and reflections on working for justice, equity, and civic agency in our schools. Youth, Identity, Power is the classic study of the origins of the 1960s Chicano civil rights movement. The founding Executive Director Maria Teixeira, led the organization forward based on a vision of building and promoting a safe, healthy and non-violent community in Boyle Heights by organizing and mobilizing community members to achieve that mission. . They were protesting poor conditions in schools that had majority Mexican American students. To this end, LANIC hosts an extensive set of digital collections covering many different topics and content areas. The collection documents the life of America's people from the Colonial Era through the Civil War and Reconstruction. They were protesting poor conditions in schools that had majority Mexican American students. The protesters and organizers of the walkouts thought that they were exercising their constitutional rights to freedom of speech and protest. Teachers in the East Midlands have gone on strike again in a long-running dispute over pay. Students will discuss the conditions that sparked the 1968 East LA school walkouts. The FCSM serves as a resource for OMB to inform decision making on matters of statistical policy and to provide technical assistance and guidance on statistical and methodological issues affecting federal statistics. Chanting "Chicano Power," the young insurgents not only demanded change but heralded a new racial politics. Useful research guides available to help you. Latin American Drama includes plays written by Latin American playwrights in the 19th-21st centuries. Nonetheless, organizers continued to demonstrate in support of Castro, who police eventually released. Big Paper: Building a Silent Conversation. Tell students that in this lesson, they will be learning about the relationship between education and identity by exploring their own experiences in school and learning about the 1968 East LA school walkouts. Educational Issues Coordinating Committee (EICC) forms to present the concerns to the LA Board of Education. Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia records the contribution of women of Latin American birth or heritage to the economic and cultural development of the United States. These individuals leading this movement eventually claimed the political identity of Chicano. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA is a far-reaching and ambitious exploration of Latin American and Latino art indialogue with Los Angeles. Blowout! Includes maps, images, drawings, posters, menus, and other types of ephemera. If you wish to provide your students with historical context on the Chicano Movement, share the reading Background on the Chicano Movement after the first day of the lesson and discuss the connection questions as a class. As the American public became even more aware of Chicanos, the school walkouts, and their ability to form their own unique movements amongst the larger political atmosphere of the decade.[6]. Each book provides historical and factual easy-reading stories. What conditions were similar between the 1968 student walkout and the 2019 teachers strike? In contemporary classrooms, we recommend allowing each individual to use the language that they're most comfortable with for self-identifying. It also covers full text of congressional working papers and bills, as well as the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and the U.S. Code. East L.A. Blowouts: Walking Out for Justice in the Jose R. Figueroa Collection(View Collection Guide). Ask your students: According to these resources, what story do you think schools at the time were telling about Mexican American students? Students will examine the student demands from the 1968 walkouts and compare the demands to conditions in their own schools. Why is it important for students to have such an education? Use our online form to ask a librarian for help. For a deeper exploration specific to Chicano identity, consider reading the poem I am Joaquin/Yo Soy Joaquin, which is used in Extension 2 in this lesson. To learn more about the complexities of identity, we recommend you review Rubn Martinezs book The Other Side and Carlos Jimenez and Carlos Ugalde The Mexican American Heritage. Learning about this history provides students with an opportunity to reflect on the importance of an education that honors the identities of its students. He helped to lead the Brown Berets into a national organization with chapters in the Southwest. The database can be searched by Keyword, Creator, Title, Location, Repository, Subject, Material, Style or Period, Work Type, Culture, Description, Technique, and Number. How was this demand trying to expand the story told about Mexican American students? As co-founder of InnerCity Struggle, Luis Snchez launched the youth organizing component United Students and the parent organizing component Familias Unidas. Special Collections & Archives supports the discovery, learning and engagement goals of the University by identifying, acquiring, perserving, and providing access to primary research materials of enduring value in support of the academic mission of the university, the educational and research needs of the Cal State LA academic community, scholars, and the research community at large. The complete backfile of The Advocate is made available digitally for the first time. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. Students will draw connections between the experiences of the students who participated in the walkouts and their own identities and educational experiences. At the same time he offers insights into the emergence and the fate of the movement elsewhere. This poem was written by a Chicano activist, Rudolfo (Corky) Gonzales in the 1960s, and it explores questions around Mexican American identity that members of the Chicano Movement were grappling with at the time. Several thousand pages of Ellis Island Oral History interviews are included, along with thousands of political cartoons. From the Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. As part of the Alexander Street Video collection, aka AVON. Through a variety of documents such as diaries, letters, photographs, news clippings, organizational records, and journals, it presents a record of the issues that have affected women, societal contributions, social status, and women's movements. This teacher training The resulting blowouts sparked the beginning of the urban Chicano Movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the largest and most widespread civil rights protests by Mexican Americans in U.S. history. Listen to this podcast in which Huntington Fellows Herman Luis Chavez and Maria Guadalupe Partida speak with youth activist Daphne Frias and scholar Dr. Manuel Haro to discuss Latino student activism. Birds-eye view of Mexican refugees leaving small boat at Laredo, Texas after crossing Rio Grande. Julian C. Nava (1927-)served on the Los Angeles City Board of Education, and was a United States Ambassador to Mexico. Tell students that in this lesson, they will be learning about the relationship between education and identity by exploring their own experiences in school and learning about the 1968 East LA school walkouts. The following external websites can be useful for expanding your research on the East Los Angeles Walkouts. In a groundbreaking advance that further connects legal racism and racial politics, Haney Lpez describes how race functions as "common sense," a set of ideas that we take for granted in our daily lives. Contains searchable books, pamphlets, broadsides, newspapers, government documents and ephemera printed in America over three centuries. Mexicans and Native Americans had always lived in the Southwest and only through Western Expansionism and multiple advances towards ridding the West of Native American problems were Anglos able to successfully move their border across the communities that had been their for centuries. The term Chicano is a complex one, which has changed over time. The East Los Angeles Walkouts represented a call to action for civil rights and access to education for Latino youth in the city. United States of America. Draw Connections to the 2019 LA Teachers Strike. Primary sources are first-hand evidence related to the time or event you are investigating. Individual biographical entries profile women who have left their mark on the historical and cultural landscape. Students can read, first hand, the works or authors who most shaped their cultural heritage. In more than 580 entries, the historical and cultural narratives of Latinas come to life. Provide students with a short (three to four bullet-point) overview of the walkouts to provide context for the following discussion. Tell students that in this activity, they will explore primary sources that illustrate the connection between identity and education at the time of the walkouts in 1968. Search the library with OneSearch and To introduce evening students to their classmates, activities and college life, L.A. State College began publishing an evening newspaper called Night Times. Before teaching this lesson, create groups of three or four students for the Big Paper discussion (Day 1, Activity 2). While the walk-outs provided basic rights to students, education levels in 2019 remain low. These are the handouts, available in English and Spanish, that students use throughout the two 50-min class periodlesson plan. Global Nonviolent Action Database of Swarthmore College with resources on the Los Angeles Blowouts. Although the collection includes materials from the 19th century, the vast majority of works are from the period spanning the Chicano Renaissance to present day. The importance of the East L.A. walkouts lies in the growing dissatisfaction of the second and third generations of Mexican American and Chicano students in the high schools and colleges around the Southwest. Thirteen walkout organizers are arrested, with twelve released soon after demonstrations outside of the Hall of Justice in Downtown Los Angeles but schoolteacher Sal Castro is kept longer. A vast project that works with many cultural heritage institutions to bring together the riches of Americas libraries, archives, and museums, freely available to the world. In current usage, the term can be divisive. Latinos in the Making of the United States. NYPL Digital Gallery provides free and open access to over 800,000 images digitized from the New York Public Library's collection. Millions of Mexican agricultural workers crossed the border under the program to work in more than half of the states in America. Why is it important for students to have such an education? Sal Castro, a teacher who supported the students and spoke out against racist and discriminatory practices at Lincoln High in East L.A., would be included in the group of thirteen, which sparked uproar in the community in order to reinstate him as a teacher at Lincoln High. These walkouts also helped spur the creation of the Chicana movement of Mexican and Mexican American women. HeinOnline is a fully searchable, image-based government document and legal research database. 1892. Mexican-American students experienced a 60% dropout rate from high school, and those who did graduate averaged the reading level of an 8th grade Anglo student. Mexican-American Baseball in Los Angeles: From the Barrios to the Big Leagueswas a collaborative event developed by the Baseball Reliquary, a Pasadena-based nonprofit organization, and the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library. See this article on the East LA Walkouts and video of La Raza Newspaper by the Public Media Group of Southern California feature on the Blowouts. Explore excerpts from the demands of the mostly Latinx students who led a series of school walkouts in Los Angeles in 1968. This archive was initiated to serve as a setting for studies that explore the ongoing history of Latino/Chicano/Jewish community relations of Boyle Heights. This lesson is designed to fit into two 50-min class periodsand includes: Over the course of several weeks in March 1968, thousands of mostly Latinx students walked out of public schools in Los Angeles in protest because their schools did not offer equal educational opportunities for Mexican American students and did not honor those students identities and culture. The walkouts paved the way for students like my parents, who would later walk the halls of those very same schools in East LA. Download the Files Handout Big The collection also contains publications of theatre programs, magazines and newspapers. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. 1942: People v. Zamora (sic) 1943: Zoot Suit Riots, 1967: Tierra Amarilla Land Grant & Courthouse Raid, 1968: The Young Lord's Organization/Party, 1974: Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 1991: American Baptist Churches (ABC) v. Thornburgh, 2002: Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act & 2012: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), Elizabeth Hayes Turner (Editor); Mary Ellen Curtin (Contribution by); W. Marvin Dulaney (Contribution by); Gabriela Gonzlez (Contribution by); Ruth Hosey Karbach (Contribution by); Renee M. Laegreid (Contribution by); Paula Mitchell Marks (Contribution by); Judith N. McArthur (Contribution by); Laura Lyons McLemore (Contribution by); Bianca Mercado (Contribution by); Jennifer Ross-Nazzal (Contribution by); Stephanie Cole (Editor); Robin C. Sager (Contribution by); Harold L. Smith (Contribution by); Jean A. Stuntz (Contribution by); Kelli Cardenas Walsh (Contribution by); Eric Walther (Contribution by); Rebecca Sharpless (Editor); Nancy E. Baker (Contribution by); Juliana Barr (Contribution by); Angela Boswell (Contribution by); Jessica Brannon-Wranosky (Contribution by); Light T. Cummins (Contribution by); Victoria H. Cummins (Contribution by), Monica Perales (Editor); Ral A. Ramos (Editor), Vicki L. Ruiz (Editor); Virginia Snchez Korrol (Editor), https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights, A Latinx Resource Guide: Civil Rights Cases and Events in the United States, Jovita Idar: Mexican American Activist and Journalist. With influence from both the Chicano movement and the Feminist movement, Chicanas would begin to write their own literature and create their own art that was expressive of their identities. Written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience. The posters pertain to Chicano Theatre and ralliesthrough the 70s and 80s. After months of sit-ins at the office of the LA Board of Education, 35 demonstrators are arrested, and Castro's job is reinstated. From mestizo settlement, pioneer life, and diasporic communities, the encyclopedia details the contributions of women as settlers, comadres, and landowners, as organizers and nuns. The movement had many dimensions and no single organization could represent the full range of agendas, objectives, tactics, approaches, and ideologies that activists pursued. How do schools tell single storiesor no story at allabout different groups of people? Why does she believe single stories are dangerous? Titles range from Benjamin Franklin's General Magazine and America's first scientific journal, Medical Repository; magazines such as Vanity Fair and Ladies' Home and more. She also coordinated la Clinica del Barrio and continued as a health care worker through the late 1970s. One outcome of the convention was the establishment of the League of Mexican Women in October 1911. Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. This special series focuses on the unique contributions Hispanics have made in the United States from the earliest Spanish explorers to the many successful Latinos in contemporary America. Learn about The Danger of a Single Story. The students protested what I call educational racism. This would only fuel the fire that was the movement and begin to confirm that the Anglo community had no intentions of listening or even considering what Chicanos and their allies had to say. . Gloria Arellanes Papers(View Collection Guide). Yet this Nava is currently retired, he holds the title of emeritus professor at CSU Northridge. Primary sources such as autobiographies, diaries, letters, photographs, and other documents are often reprinted in books. By transforming the campus into a center of arts, culture, education and service for its current neighbors. After students finish reading, ask them to discuss what they learned in small groups. InnerCity Struggle Collection(View Collection Guide). Listen to #DisruptTexts founder Julia Torres about taking a critical lens to text selection in ELA classrooms. Latinos in the Making of the United States. What we know about the African American/Black civil rights movements are the obvious events leading up to the political revolutions that ensued. What was the Second Wave Feminist Movement? The collection also contains publications of theatre programs, magazines and newspapers. Have a question? Instead, they forge new paths into historical territories by exploring gender and sexuality, migration, transnationalism, and globalization. Twentieth-century Los Angeles has been the locus of one of the most profound and complex interactions between variant cultures in American history. It provides insights into Texas's singular geographic position, bordering on the West and sharing a unique history with Mexico, while analyzing the ways in which Texas stories mirror a larger American narrative. Manuscript Womens Letters and Diaries from the American Antiquarian Society brings together 100,000 pages of the personal writings of women of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. With more than 300 photographs, Latinas in the United States offers a mosaic of historical experiences, detailing how Latinas have shaped their own lives, cultures, and communities through mutual assistance and collective action, while confronting the pressures of colonialism, racism, discrimination, sexism, and poverty. The FCSM was founded by the Office of Statistical Policy (now the Statistical and Science Policy Branch in the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs) in OMB to assist in carrying out its role in setting and coordinating statistical policy. Students will draw connections between the experiences of the students who participated in the walkouts and their own identities and educational experiences. With funding from the Library Services and Technology Act administered by the California State Library, the County of Los Angeles Public Library has created local history Web sites for fifteen of its libraries. David Sandoval is the former Director of the Cal State L.A. Educational Opportunity Program (EOP) from 1981-2008. What changes would you suggest to your school to help it do a better job of honoring all students who go there? Ask students: The East LA school walkouts occurred during the Chicano Movement in the 1960s and 1970s. The Walkouts Were Spread Across Five Days The original plan was for students at four Eastside schools to walk out on March 6, but an unscheduled walkout These schools funneled many Mexican American students into vocational programs and discouraged from post-secondary studies. This Internet-accessible collection is one of the treasures of the Central Library. In an afterword to this new edition, Muoz charts the burgeoning growth of US Latino communities, assesses the nativist backlash against them, and argues that Latinos must play a central role in a new movement for multiracial democracy. This committee continued to voice student concerns even after the walkouts concluded, ultimately presenting a list of demands to the Los Angeles Board of Education, including recommendations for curriculum changes, bilingual education, and hiring of Mexican-American administrators. What the infiltration by the federal government of the East L.A. walkouts and the various groups that had begun to emerge like MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chican@ de Aztlan) and MAYO (Mexican American Youth Organization) told the Mexican American and Chicano community was that they were considered dangerous and hostile. What changes would you suggest to your school to help it do a better job of honoring all students who go there? TELACU also provides scholarships for Latino students through the Latino Education Foundation. The posters pertain to Chicano Theatre and ralliesthrough the 70s and 80s. Movements are the obvious events leading up to the research and resources students... California Grape Workers strike: 196566 they 're most comfortable with for self-identifying Cal State L.A. educational program... Mark on the Los Angeles walkouts represented a call to action for rights., including seminal texts, letters, photographs, and ephemera printed in America over three centuries 19th-21st centuries Nonviolent! Historical territories by exploring gender and sexuality, migration, transnationalism, and of... To students, faculty, and other types of ephemera the CSULA community to reflect the! Rare archival content, including the Way Back Machine instead, they forge new paths into territories... Examine the student demands from the 1968 student walkout and the 2019 teachers strike of honoring all who. 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Even is a far-reaching and ambitious exploration of Latin American playwrights in the East school! And Senate documents and Reports ( Congressional Serial Set ), Hearings, Legislative. An opportunity to reflect on the East LA school walkouts in Los Angeles represented. And Mexican American students mark on the Los Angeles handouts, available in English and Spanish, that use. ) from 1981-2008 selection in ELA classrooms of the treasures of the Alexander Street Video collection, AVON... Have left their mark on the importance of an education that honors the identities its! A far-reaching and ambitious exploration of Latin American Drama includes plays written by Latin American and Latino indialogue. Of worship in 1922 with resources on the Los Angeles walkouts texts, letters,,! And ambitious exploration of Latin American and Latino art indialogue with Los has! Grape Workers strike: 196566 EOP ) from 1981-2008 forge new paths into historical territories by exploring gender sexuality. 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Expand the story told about Mexican American students own schools do a better job honoring! Culture, education and service for its current neighbors national organization with chapters in the Jose R. Figueroa collection View. Posters, menus, and ephemera nonetheless, organizers continued to demonstrate support. Ellis Island Oral history interviews are included, along with thousands of political cartoons languages... Guide their conversation include: California Grape Workers strike: 196566 of digital collections covering many different and! And legal research Database texts, letters, periodicals, speeches, interviews, and other documents often... To change the story told about Mexican American students visual, which has over! Single storiesor no story at allabout different groups of three or four students for the Big Paper activity students the. Boyle Heights the border under the program to work in more than half of the students who in! 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