The Ilisu dam has a designed capacity of Thus, the construction of dams may imply serious problems for fishes and other kinds of aquatic life. For thousands of years, the Nile River flooded to provide the desert landscape with fertile soil that could be used for growing. In this article, the pros and cons of dams are examined. Design by Sidebar Designs | Modified by Gabriel Eckstein, Transboundary Water Management Organizations, The principle of prior notification An instrument of implementing international water law and ensuring cooperative water diplomacy, New Book on International Law and Transboundary Aquifers by Francesco Sindico, Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Brill Research Perspectives International Water Law. Unfortunately, they also worsen the impact of climate change. 80% of the Xingu will be diverted in all - affects the river further downstream. The second provides an example of upstream hydro-hegemony in an overview of the problems arising from Chinas development of the upper Mekong River and its impact on those living in the lower Mekong Basin. For instance, many people in our nowadays society suffer from high stress levels since they have a quite demanding job and have to work long hours while also having to take care of their kids. By using dams for energy production, the air is not polluted and also greenhouse gas emissions will be lower compared to the energy production with fossil fuels. Julia Harte, a DC-based journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017. advantages and disadvantages of hydropower, lead to a significant ecological imbalance, water will become a quite scarce resource, Personal Brand vs. Corporate Brand: 24 Key Pros & Cons, 24 Key Pros & Cons Of Investing In (Retro) Video Games, 34 Major Pros & Cons Of Investing In Comic Books, Gold Bars vs. Gold Coins: 23 Precious Pros & Cons, 31 Cool Pros & Cons Of Owning A Classic Car, 24 Key Pros & Cons Of Unemployment Benefits, 32 Key Pros & Cons Of Investing In Trading Cards, 30 Precious Pros & Cons Of Investing In Art, Reservoir may be used for leisure activities. He drained the marshes in the 1980s and 1990s by diverting the Tigris into a giant canal. The construction of the Ilisu Dam in South-Eastern Turkey can be described as one of the most pressing current environmental issues for Iraq. Did people face water challenges before, say, under Saddam Hussein? Controlling waterways. It impounds the Colorado River and serves several important functions, including hydroelectric power generation, water storage, and flood control. 0000002303 00000 n The government, controversially, has started moving Hasankeyfs monuments out of the flood zone by hoisting them onto flatbed trucks and driving them to a nearby archeological park. Generally, hydropower is the one of the oldest and most renewable sources of energy in the world today. 0000002887 00000 n campaign, Switzerland, HERMES However, there are also some issues related to the construction of dams. Dams might be thought of the structures that grant us with some form of protection from the flood, however, in the case of this structure's failure, overwhelming consequences results for the communities in the downstream, leading to the loss of thousands of life and property. [17][18] Turkey's Electric Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE) included 10 potential sites in its 1971 Tigris River Pre-Investigation Report. All of those activities can be fun and living near one of those reservoirs may therefore significantly improve your quality of life since you do not have to drive long hours for those kinds of fun leisure activities. The main use of hydropower is in hydroelectric generators. Hydroelectric power plants and dams can be incredibly expensive to construct, regardless of the type of building, due to logistical challenges. Thus, especially in times of droughts, there might be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows should be altered by dams. The originally planned Mosul Dam watershed (with an area of 54 900 km 2 ) has . A cofferdam may be built downstream as well, but the overall goal is to keep the construction zone dry so that the main dam can be built. GlobalWater@darden.virginia.edu l8&D />_&D:RjYb_Lt]5Y4K/M@ =EcMjiGh6)#0m,>S/KQg6y htQ/z|qOuZF}2T]u)L(|joI4-@A6G<. For instance, fishes often have to travel quite long distances upstream in order to mate. Why is the dam being built? [8] In the long run, water bodies may be covered with algae and the whole ecosystem may collapse. 1. Ms. Dams have been quite important over the history of mankind. Explanation: Dams play an important role when it comes to hydroelectricity and they act as a reservoir of river water. The Ilisu dam, part of the Southeast Anatolian project (Gap) and one of Turkey's largest hydroelectric projects to date, has been mired in controversy ever since it was first drafted in 1954 . Wanna make a contribution to save our environment? The government is charging them more for the new houses than it is compensating them for the loss of their current homes and farms, so they will be forced to take on debt in the move. Atatrk Dam, on the Euphrates river, is located in Bozova in the anlurfa province, of the Anatolia region, Turkey. With a 1,200 . However, due to global warming, water will become a quite scarce resource in the future and people may literally fight over water in the near future. Since it is quite time-intensive to plan those dams, it will also take a quite long time until the construction of dams is finished. If people are dependent on the water supply from reservoirs and dams, chances are that politicians will gain great power over them, which may lead to unpleasant outcomes in the long run if the government has the wrong intentions. [17] By 1975, the EIE had completed a technical and economic evaluation of the sites. As we have seen before, the construction of dams can be quite demanding and time-intensive. Field irrigation 8. Dams can be a great tool to adjust and control water flows. Turkey's downstream neighbors say the dam will dramatically reduce the flow of the Tigris into Iraq and Syria, pointing to similar declines in river levels that ensued from previous Turkish dams. [20] Construction of new Ilsu and Kotepe villages were underway as well as the relocation of major portions of Hasankeyf. Disadvantages. Several days later a worker was killed in his home by suspected PKK militants. [36] This figure excludes vacant settlements, which will also be inundated. Even in our current age, the transportation of goods on waterways is still of importance in some regions of our planet. This dam will bring big gains to the local people." [13], The Ilsu Dam will be a 135m (443ft) high and 1,820m (5,971ft) wide rock-fill embankment dam with a structural volume of 43,900,000m3 (35,590acreft). The Kurdish Human Rights Project, Friends trailer Additionally, a 250m (820ft) permanent steel-girder bridge with concrete supports was constructed just downstream of the dam. Is it the case that the dam is the only reason for their water challenges? What are advantages and disadvantages of dams? How should we decide when a dam should be built? Preliminary construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GRD) began in April 2011 on the Blue Nile River near the Sudanese border. The dam reservoir has attained a water volume of 7.6 billion cubic meters. Shortly after the announcement of the funding loss, Turkey's Environment Minister Veysel Erolu said, "Let me tell you this, these power plants will be built. The decline in water flow for the Tigris River can lower the water quality downstream, especially during a drought. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-1','ezslot_10',149,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-1-0');Apart from agricultural purposes, dams can also be quite important to assure the water supply of the local population in order to avoid water scarcity. 1) Displace a Significant Number of People. Please note that all the information I provide on this website is to my best knowledge. xref if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',190,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-2-0');Thus, many jobs can be created through the construction of dams, which may be especially beneficial in areas where people suffer from high unemployment rates and urgently search for jobs in order to survive. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. In many cases, the construction of large dams also implies significant deforestation. The Three Gorges Dam was built in China and it has had a lot of economic disadvantages. Thus, excessive amounts of algae or other unwanted organisms can be filtered out of the water, which may improve the overall water quality in the reservoir as well as in the river downstream. The Ilisu dam in Turkey and the role of Export Credit Agencies and NGO networks. Hydroelectric power: Water stored in the dam is used to generate electricity. Since a group of European backers withdrew funding in July, the fate of the controversial Ilisu dam - and that of the surrounding, mostly Kurdish communities in southeastern Turkey - has been in limbo. However, also the maintenance and supervision related to dams can be significant. The major benefit offered by the Three Gorges Dam to China was the growth of renewable energy. 0000000907 00000 n How has the dam affected people downstream in Iraq? Turkeys hydroelectric dams have reportedly reduced water flow into Iraq and Syria by about 80 and 40 percent, respectively, since 1975. Large dams have the potential to save the country from critical food shortages. HWMchHq=tP4Vh__fV!vLD#DV/_{6Dj~|F'$JMfh:HmFh4b0?|UFj[Y4r?[QV,~? Violation of World Bank guidelines and Water experts speculate that the Ilisu Dam's operations have reduced Iraq's share of the Tigris River's water by at least 60 percent, given its storage capacity of about 11 billion cubic. campaign, Germany, - For instance, if you live nearby one of those reservoirs, you can go fishing or swimming with your family. Three examples of conflict over transboundary watercourses, one historical and two current, are then provided in order to illuminate some of the barriers to collaboration. Bridge, Pro Ilisu However, from past experiences, it is fair to say that it can take many years or even decades until the construction of big dams is finished. Risk of Flood. [37], The official Turkish government line was expressed by then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoan at the ground-breaking ceremony in 2006: "The step that we are taking today demonstrates that the south-east is no longer neglected. 2. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_2',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_3',142,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-142{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Moreover, since our energy mix is currently not sustainable since it mainly relies on fossil fuels, hydropower may also be a great power source to move into an eco-friendlier and more sustainable direction. Comparison Table for Advantages and Disadvantages of Dam. 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems. [40] Moreover, the southern governorates of Iraq had the lowest portions of the river in years, in which the total Tigris water share in Iraq fell from 21 billion cubic metres to only 9.7 billion cubic metres instead. What are the pros and cons of building a dam? Chapter five of the monograph outlines the law governing the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. We cannot blame dams for improper rehabilitation. Also the construction costs for dams are significant. When complete, the Ilisu Dam will have a capacity of 1,200 MW, making it Turkey's fourth largest dam in size, and second biggest in generative capacity. TR. Looking into places where dams have already been removed and comparing them to areas of possible dam removal is important when envisioning possibilities. Unlike most of the other towns, however, Hasankeyf has been continuously inhabited for 12,000 years. Advantages of hydropower 1. The building of large dams can cause serious changes to the earths surface and lead to geological damage. How has dam building created problems between Turkey and neighboring countries? The Cost. Audio Lesson Advantages of Dams Production of large amounts of hydropower Relatively green energy source Reservoirs for leisure activities Additional recreation areas Irrigation of fields Assurance of water supply for locals Water flows can be controlled to a certain extent Turkeys dam and hydropower constructions on the Tigris and Euphrates are estimated to have cut water to Iraq by 80 percent since 1975, jeopardizing agriculture and natural habitats. The fate of the Mesopotamian Marshes of Iraq provides us with a case study on the functional deficits of the existing body of international water law in managing conflict over transboundary watercourses. Turkish River Homepage, Photo My name is Andreas and my mission is to educate people of all ages about our environmental problems and how everyone can make a contribution to mitigate these issues. Construction of the dam began in 2006 and was originally expected to be completed by 2016. Excavations for the main body of the dam began in May 2011 and the first loads of fill were laid in January 2012. The dam's system can control and manage water flow, so it is also serving as an alternative and multi-purpose structure that can produce an enormous amount of power, while at the same time controlling natural disaster. Why is the Ilisu dam being built? It's a clean, renewable source of energy 2. It's flexible 5. on the Ilisu Dam, written by Keith Parkins, http://homepage.univie.ac.at/thomas.schmidinger/php/texte/tuerkei_ilisu_kultur.pdf. In order to avoid dam breaks or other issues, those dams have to be observed and maintained on a regular basis. Controllable water flows 9. Thus, in order to be able to control those water flows in an efficient manner, experts are needed and those industry experts can be quite expensive as well. The history and ecology of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, and the issues surrounding Turkeys recent impoundment of water behind the Ilisu Dam on the Tigris, provide an example highlighting such challenges. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. 479 Ilisu Dam Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Images Editorial Video Editorial FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 479 Ilisu Dam Premium High Res Photos Browse 479 ilisu dam stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. 0 The Arabs who live in the marshes were seen as security threats by Saddam Hussein, who accused them of sheltering Shiite rebels. [24] Diversion of the Tigris River began during a ceremony on 29 August 2012. It uses a free resource. The first few chapters of the monograph set forth the context of the problem. The monograph is dedicated to Ms. Fadia Daibes Murad (1966-2009); in recognition of the courage, rigor, and dynamic intellect with which she advocated both for fairness in access to water resources and for gender equity in Palestine and the Middle East. Thomson Reuters Uses Cask to Enable Rapid Time to Value From Big Data, Drexel Hamilton Research Analysts Earn Top Rankings in Thomson Reuters Analyst Awards, Denver Investments' Westcore . This hinders the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes. From Neolithic settlements to medieval tombs and temples, the town is a living museum where some people alive today grew up in caves built into cliffs overlooking the Tigris. The Hoover Dam, located on the border between Arizona and Nevada, is a concrete arch-gravity dam that was built in the 1930s. Renewable. The area will be underwater when the Ilisu dam project comes online. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Moreover, the planning processes also require many hours of work, which can add up to a significant amount of money. An important part of electricity. Jan 5, 2015. It helps with flood control. Our technological progress is astounding and we are now even able to build dams that can clean up the water through different filters. Hydropower is inexpensive in the long run While there are high upfront costs associated with hydropower, it has been shown to be one of the most inexpensive forms of renewable energy over time. 2. With China's status as the world's largest nation, it needs enough power to sustain its thriving sector, active economic situation, and ever-growing area. Its 26 hydropower turbines produce more than . There may also be serious conflicts related to the water supply of people. to the Aswan High Dam Pros and Cons. However, deforestation is known to be quite harmful to our environment since large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted into the air when forests are cleared. In order to be able to construct those dams, large areas of land have to be used and forests have to be cleared for this purpose. At a normal elevation of 525m (1,722ft) above sea level, the reservoir surface area will cover 313km2 (121sqmi). The Turkish government advertised the entire project as a way for Turkey to achieve greater energy independence. Here are the pros and cons of hydropower: List of Pros of Hydropower. Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 USA, +1-434-924-3900 As these pressures increase, the need for effective legal regimes to address the sharing of transboundary watercourses likewise increases. Attacks by Kurdish guerrillas have delayed construction by years and cost the government millions of dollars. For instance, some dams like the Hoover Dam in the US or the Three Gorges Dam in China are visited by millions of tourists every year. [3][4] As part of the project, the much smaller Cizre Dam is to be constructed downstream for irrigation and power. For instance, if too many fishes are no longer able to reproduce since they are no longer be able to travel to their mating area, chances are that their prey will explode in population, which may in turn significantly decrease water quality. First of all, dams are efficient in storing water, especially rain water, whereas rivers simply flow into larger oceans, seas and lakes and all the water collected is . Large dams have led to the extinction of many fish and other aquatic species, the disappearance of birds in floodplains, huge losses of forest, wetland and farmland, erosion of coastal deltas, and many other unmitigable impacts. Generally, the pros outweigh the cons for hydropower because unlike solar or wind, water can be relied on 24/7. What is advantage and disadvantage of dam? [18][19], On 5 August 2006, the foundation stone for the dam was laid and initial construction began. After the completion of the dam's construction in early spring 2018, the Iraqi government approached the Turkish authorities to postpone filling of the proposed Ilsu reservoir until the end of June in the same year,[39] due to the fact that the Tigris river has its highest levels during spring time. 0000000616 00000 n The Ilisu Dam, completed as part of Turkey's Gneydou Anadolu Projesi (Southeasternanatolian Development Project or GAP for short in Turkish) in 2019, has faced heavy criticism from both local as well as international observers and downstream countries on the Tigris. However, through the use of dams, a high fraction of those rainfalls can be stored in reservoirs, which takes away plenty of water and nearby villages will not have to suffer from floods too much anymore. It would need 12m rise to achieve the maximum storage level. It's made in the USA 7. So far the dam has contributed 51M$ energy towards economy. Reservoirs for leisure 4. Therefore, the construction of dams can also be a way to reduce unemployment and poverty, especially in poor developing countries of our planet where the economic infrastructure is often quite bad and where well-paying jobs are rare. <<8f5987308c73164e8ab95f30f2122663>]>> Low installation and operating costs 3. A 110m (361ft) long temporary bridge was constructed upstream of the dam site which is supported by 30 sections of steel pipe. The Ilsu Dam ( Turkish pronunciation: [su]) is a concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Tigris near the village of Ilsu and along the border of Mardin and rnak Provinces in Turkey. Ilisu dam and hydroelectric power plant location. The Southeastern Anatolian Project entailed the construction of some 22 dams and 19 . And why has the dam been controversial, ever since the idea of building it emerged? Why did Turkey build the Ilisu Dam? Its power station will be above ground and will contain 6 x 200 MW Francis turbine-generators with an expected annual generation of 3,833 GWh and gross hydraulic head of 122.6m (402ft). The planned Ilisu dam consists of a wall 1.8 km wide and 135 m high, and will create the third largest reservoir in Turkey covering an area of 313 km (IEG, 2005). 0000006693 00000 n Connected to generators, the blades produce electricity for local . 4. Environmental Conscience aims to provide unique high-quality content that is helpful to the reader. Dams store water, provide renewable energy and prevent floods. The electricity generated by dams is in little danger of long-term dissipation. A new dam and reservoir threatens to drown the city. Human rights of the indigenous communities ignored. Nobody is keen on living his or her home just for the purposes of the construction of dams and it should be evaluated on an individual basis whether the benefits for society outweigh the negative effects for those people who have to give up their homes and their former lives. [19], There was little movement on the project for more than 15 years until the dam was added to the State Hydraulic Works' formal construction program in 1997 or 1998. 21,000 workers contributed to the building. %%EOF Dams may also be kind of a tourist magnet. The 1.2 billion dam is to be situated ca. The town, which sits on the banks of the Tigris River in southeast Turkey, will be inundated as part of the construction of the Ilisu Dam, which will produce power for the region. Therefore, depending on the region and the energy production potential, the construction of dams may also not make too much sense from an economic perspective. Ilisu is at present the largest dam project in Turkey's pipeline. In the reservoirs that will form due to the construction of dams, plenty of methane will be produced over time since large amounts of plant materials may decompose in those water bodies. Excellent Articel by BBC, Web-page 100 Darden Blvd Among others, articles have been cited by NPOs, Wikipedia, Medium.com as well as on several college websites and lifestyle blogs. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. gave a lot of jobs. Pros of Dams. Together with a severe drought that has afflicted the region for the past decade, this decline in the quantity and quality of Tigris River water is expected to strangle Iraqi agriculture and hobble the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes, vast wetlands in southern Iraq where Sumerian civilization began. 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