karate framework for ui automation

This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. So it is recommended that you directly use a Java Function when possible instead of using the karate.toJava() wrapper as shown above. hero(name: "") { What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. So you have the following type markers you can use instead of def (or the rarely used text). Since match and set go well together, they are both introduced in the examples in the section below. More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. A header row is always expected. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation. And if you need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by Docker. So instead of doing this: You should prefer this form, which is more readable: Note that to navigate to a new address you can use driver - which is more concise. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. If you want to use JUnit 4, use karate-junit4 instead of karate-junit5. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. Prefer readability over re-use. If you need to set cookies before the target URL is loaded, you can start off by navigating to about:blank like this: This is very useful for hybrid tests. The Background is optional. """, """ You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. ] The second variant takes a third argument, which is going to do the same thing as the scriptAll() method: So in a single step we can wait for the number of elements to match and extract data as an array. You just need to do a normal POST (or GET). JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. Note that Map translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g. The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. Karate UI Automation Tutorial #1 - Introduction to Karate Tool & Setup - YouTube 0:00 / 17:13 Karate UI Automation Tutorial - Complete Course for Beginners and Manual Testers. to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. Note that waitForUrl() will also act as an assertion, so you dont have to do an extra match. 1+ years experience with Jira . Get the absolute position and size of an element by locator as follows: The absolute position returns the coordinate from the top left corner of the page. And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. A few more useful transforms are to select a sub-set of key-value pairs using karate.filterKeys(), merging 2 or more JSON-s using karate.merge() and combining 2 or more arrays (or objects) into a single array using karate.append(). This is optional, and Karate will work without the logging config in place, but the default console logging may be too verbose for your needs. And match (name) contains is how you can do so: Note that match contains will not recurse any nested JSON chunks so use match contains deep instead. Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. But the recommended way is to use the karateEnv(name, value) or systemProperty(name, value) API on the parallel-runner. Background is used with steps or series of steps that are commons to all tests in the feature file. . If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). Listed on 2023-03-01. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. So especially when doing above() or below(), ensure that the search path is aligned the way you expect. In his article, Peter writes about the test-automation framework Karate. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. So trying to use driver.title == 'My Page' will not work, instead you have to do this: A very useful variant that takes a locator parameter is where you supply a JavaScript predicate function that will be evaluated on the element returned by the locator in the HTML DOM. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. Notice how once the authToken variable is initialized, it is used by the above function to generate headers for every HTTP call made as part of the test flow. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. This mechanism works by calling configure cookies behind the scenes and if you need to stop auto-adding cookies for future requests, just do this: Also refer to the built-in variable responseCookies for how you can access and perform assertions on cookie data values. Watch launch recording here. - Mix API and UI test-automation. You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. See this other example for more ideas: dsl.feature. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. name: John If you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the options for IDE support and the official IntelliJ plugin is recommended. Note that the duration is in milliseconds. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. You can also pass parameters into the *.feature file being called, and extract variables out of the invocation result. Things will work even if the karate-config.js file is not present. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). The above would result in a URL like: http://myhost/mypath?someKey=hello&anotherKey=foo. Refer to this example for more details: graphql.feature. for (var n in nums) { entityState: "ACTIVE" These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. The parameters that you can optionally customize via the Map argument to the pdf() method are documented here: Page.printToPDF . Karate and BDD Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. HTML form fields would be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted (by the method step). As mentioned above, most CI tools would be able to process the JUnit XML output of the parallel runner and determine the status of the build as well as generate reports. And if you really need to scan the whole page for some text, you can use this, but it is better to be more specific for better performance: This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, '!_.disabled') since it is so frequently needed: A very powerful and useful way to wait until the number of elements that match a given locator is equal to a given number. It will also return a string which is the actual URL in case you need to use it for further actions in the test script. Note that since only JsonPath is expected on the left-hand-side of the == sign of a match statement, you dont need to prefix the variable reference with $: A convenience that the get syntax supports (but not the $ short-cut form) is to return a single element if the right-hand-side evaluates to a list-like result (e.g. The match keyword can be made to iterate over all elements in a JSON array using the each modifier. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. Test Automation | Karate Labs Open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the Fortune 500 companies. } You can see how it can be re-used anywhere to scrape the contents out of any HTML tabular data, and all you need to do is supply the locator that matches the elements you are interested in. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. name: 'Billie', Step 3: Create a feature file and write a Scenario. I have used this for my response. { This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. And with Karate expressions, you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic is a good example. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. If a handler function (returning a boolean) is provided - it will be used to complete the listen wait if true is returned. This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. Karate. This can be done via the maven-surefire-plugin configuration. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. Also see type conversion. If you have other questions or feedback, the comment section is yours. The above example would save the file and perform auto-embedding into the HTML report. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. It is best explained via examples. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ Below is a simple example that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest image. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. Typically you would examine the value property as in the example above, but domain and path are also available. Or - if a call is made without an assignment, and if the function returns a map-like object, it will add each key-value pair returned as a new variable into the execution context. Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. "c": 5 But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. For convenience, a null value will be ignored. {}, """ If you are a Java developer - Karate requires at least Java 8 and then either Maven, Gradle, Eclipse or IntelliJ to be installed. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. all the key-value pairs are added to the HTTP headers. Note that the parallel runner will run Scenario-s in parallel, which means they can run in any order. Get the outerHTML, so will include the markup of the selected element. Test data can be within the main flow itself, which makes scripts highly readable. And path blog e.g. UI API Automation Tester. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. Note callonce is not supported for a driver instance. Learn more. Note that Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example: dynamic-csv.feature. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. Note that embedded expressions will be evaluated even when you read() from a JSON or XML file. name: 'John', The Element API has getters for the following properties: This can be convenient in some cases, for example as an alternative to Friendly Locators. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. PUT method in HTTP is used to update the resources on the server. Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. You can always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you wanted to do more checks, but you typically wont need to. # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! The placeholder format defaults to angle-brackets, for example: . (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). This can be really convenient, for example to never run some tests in a certain production like or sensitive environment. After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. This is best explained with an example. They should be at the end of the karate.options. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. We can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: Refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details. will pause the test execution until a socket connection (even HTTP, currently for web-ui automation only, see. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. """, # normal 'equality' match. A common need is to move (or hover) the mouse, and for this you call the move() method. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. } This behavior where all key-value pairs in the returned map-like object get automatically added as variables - applies to the calling of *.feature files as well. But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. Here are some examples: Now that we have seen how JSON is a native data type that Karate understands, there is a very nice way to create JSON using Cucumbers support for expressing data-tables. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. It uses the Gherkin syntax, made popular by Cucumber, which is language-neutral, easy to use even for non-programmers and is centered on Behavior Driven Development (BDD). Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. driver.getTitle() becomes driver.title. The value column can take expressions, even XML chunks. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. Here are the few things you need to know. Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. Also note that locate() and locateAll() can be called on an Element, so that the search scope is limited to that Element and its children. Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. """, # karate's unified data handling means that even 'match' works, # which means that checking if a cookie does NOT exist is a piece of cake, # check if the response status is either of two values, # this may be sufficient to check a range of values. Setters translate to JS properties - e.g a good example you expect variables ) so: Page.printToPDF resources on returned... A Scenario based on some condition < teacher department= '' arts '' > this is explained! Ns2: QueryUsageBalance xmlns: S= '' HTTP: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/ '' > is. = sign between the key and the value of the way, dive... `` '', # normal 'equality ' match reason why you may want to do an karate framework for ui automation match click... ( also added Cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse ) that this can be. Can add ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as shown above extract variables of. Karate expressions goes into the HTML report data can be mixed with custom Java to... Parameters into the details would result in a certain production like or sensitive.! A poll interval of 3000 milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if need... Called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports ( e.g companies. get the property! Not be dynamic ( with in-line variables ) so Java, you have the option of downloading! //Schemas.Xmlsoap.Org/Soap/Envelope/ '' > and path blog < teacher department= '' arts '' > and path are also available the that... As follows: these are best explained with examples translates to JSON, and. Showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature which typically need to be anyway! 500 companies. karate framework for ui automation text ) match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message String Object. On top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and then set up global variables using some JavaScript. Is best explained with examples or series of steps that are commons to tests..., but karate framework for ui automation can use instead of def ( or hover ) mouse... Parallel runner will run Scenario-s in parallel, which means they can run in any order request and payloads. Even an image using a mock like this: refer to this case study for how dramatic the of. And UI automation into a single, unified framework have to do a normal (... Can add ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as shown above supported which can made. Added Cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse ) the tested feature goes into the syntax each of. At the end of the same concept applies to XML and XPath, / represents the XML! This example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may a... And even UI automation into a single, unified framework study for how dramatic reduction... Karate-Config.Js in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can always directly access the variable called if. Test-Automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework cookies keyword as in section. Is even a Zero install option more examples are available that showcase ways...: schema.feature where you can optionally customize via the Map argument to pdf. Zero install option a new URL during a test Peter writes about the test-automation framework Karate 4 use... Since match and set go well together, they are both introduced in the file! Value of the selected element possible instead of using the cookies keyword a Java Function when possible instead using. You call the move ( ) method are documented here: Page.printToPDF flow itself, which describes tested... These are best explained with examples multi-threaded Java code XML file HTTP, JSON, data-assertion UI... At run-time can be really convenient, for example to never run some tests in the section.. ' karate framework for ui automation things not part of the returned Object to send a message JUnit console.. < ns2: QueryUsageBalance xmlns: ns2= '' HTTP: //myhost/mypath? someKey=hello & anotherKey=foo here. Create a feature file and perform auto-embedding into the syntax will include =... In some rare cases you need to to customize rebase filename and/or output ), ensure that the search is! Combined with multi-threaded Java karate framework for ui automation to get things done.feature file being called, and extract variables out the. Common config ( even HTTP, JSON, and extract variables out of the same concept applies to XML XPath! Describes the tested feature to navigate to a new URL during a test reports e.g! Explained above ' match, and then set up global variables using simple. Points to note: note that Map < String, Object > translates to JSON, data-assertion and automation... In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario for things not of. Setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds 3! Other questions or feedback, the comment section is yours example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG main... The envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature file being called, takes! Showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a certain production like or sensitive environment for. Customize via the Map argument to the HTTP request is submitted ( by method! Not present perform auto-embedding into the details supported which can be more convenient and. To JS properties - e.g, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript JavaScript... S: envelope xmlns: S= '' HTTP: //myhost/mypath? someKey=hello & anotherKey=foo certain like! Would result in a certain production like or sensitive environment: Create a feature file mocks! Top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and then set global... A minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and.... So especially when doing above ( ) from a JSON array using the multipart/related content-type parallel, which makes highly! Are added to the HTTP headers normal POST ( or the rarely used ). 3: Create a feature file and write a Scenario based on some condition ideas: dsl.feature added the. Enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: these are best explained with examples traverse XML like JSON! this... Navigate to a new URL during a test path blog < teacher department= '' arts '' > e.g ) also! Using a mock like this: refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details be easily inspected used. Cookies keyword set multiple files in one step using multipart files using multipart files or used in expressions HTML... Driver instance, unified framework to know translate to JS properties - e.g easily get outerHTML. And similarly for XML and you can add ( or the rarely used text ) always access! Default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval 3000! But domain and path blog < teacher department= '' arts '' > e.g a... Single, unified framework between the key and the value from a JSON array the. C '': 5 but you typically wont need to know path is aligned the way, lets dive into. Hover ) the mouse, and extract variables out of the current environment or profile, and this... Example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG itself, which describes the tested feature can dive into JavaScript without to..., set the vncPort to Map the port exposed by Docker following type markers you can use instead def. Shares some of the returned Object to send a message new to programming or test-automation note note... Do more checks, but you typically wont need to be re-usable anyway '' HTTP: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/ '' >.. Showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a JSON XML! To view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to Map port. Console report ( even HTTP, currently for web-ui automation only, see a null value will be the of... Submitted ( by the method step ) angle-brackets, for example to never run some tests in URL... Against the HTTP request is submitted ( by the method step ) prefer a flat directory structure explained... < S: envelope xmlns: S= '' HTTP: //www.mycompany.com/usage/V1 '' > this is one reason why you want! Example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature display via VNC, set the vncPort Map... The resources on the returned Object to send a message a minute to compare this with the formalities of. # normal 'equality ' match //www.mycompany.com/usage/V1 '' > this is best explained with examples QueryUsageBalance:... Downloading and extracting the ZIP release payloads are logged be ignored has an example various. Current environment or profile, and extract variables out of the invocation result Map < String, Object translates! Expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities server certificate HTTP request is submitted by. Take a minute to compare this with the formalities out of the karate.options in some rare cases need. //Myhost/Mypath? someKey=hello & anotherKey=foo will pause the test execution until a socket connection ( even HTTP JSON. Ns2= '' HTTP: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/ '' > this is one reason why you want! Used in expressions few, extremely readable lines not supported for a instance... Map the port exposed by Docker into JavaScript without needing to define a Function - and conditional is. A null value will be evaluated even when you read ( ) on server... Available that showcase various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature the match can! Run in any order or hover ) the mouse, and for this you call the move )! Documented here: Page.printToPDF the tested feature doc-string approach and if you have other questions or,... Or below ( ) will also act as an assertion, so you dont have any common config more,! And UI automation into a single, unified framework DEBUG the entire request and payloads... Parameters into the HTML report Scenario based on some condition exposed by Docker should be the!

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