The Bible is way more interesting than inerrancy would have you believe. Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. As Jesus began to get back into the boat, the delivered demoniac pleaded with Him that he might accompany Him. On the sands along the shore from el-Mejdel to `Ain et-Tineh these shells are so numerous as to cause a white glister in the sunlight.The main formation of the surrounding district is limestone. gad'-a-ra (Gadara):1. 10, Library of the Historical Jesus Studies (London; New Delhi; New York; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2013), 168. Geographically its certainly a better fit than Gerasa or Gadara. The precise name of the place where the swine miracle occurred varies somewhat among the Gospel accounts and among the various ancient manuscripts that have survived. With the conquest of the Moslems it passed under eclipse, and is now an utter ruin.3. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. App., 11).)2. Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). About halfway up the hill is the towerlike structure mentioned earlier. At the center is a large prayer hall in the form of a basilica. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern ( Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. It is applied to a district on the Northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 14:34 Mark 6:53), now known as el-Ghuweir, "little Ghor." The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. And that doesnt fit the description were given of the stampede at all. The place is not mentioned till later times. It is as if this chamber (which once had a tower) was built to protect or preserve the boulder. GADARA. 2019 Dr. Andrew Jackson. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. Until recently, the absence of any significant archaeological discoveries on the eastern shore seemed to confirm ancient literatures paucity of references to sites there. Tyre: 33.2721571: 35.203278: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 55.56 km: The Response of the Released Demoniac(5:18-20) The Lord granted the only request of these residents, which was for Him to leave. Unfortunately, the most severe damage to the mosaics occurred in the nave. History:The great and splendid city in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C. Jesus commands the unclean spirits to come out of him. By protecting the boulder with a massive tower and building a chapel behind and above it, the early Christian fathers both commemorated and sanctified a site that Christian pilgrims could relate to the life of Jesus. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time.3. Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. After Jesus heals him/them, the demons are sent into a herd of pigs. Eusebius of Caesarea (260313 CE10) in his Onomasticon (basically a long list of place names with explanations of their location), not content with his available options of Gerasa and Gadara Eusebius decided to add a third candidate: Eusebius, Onomasticon, 74: Gergesa There the Lord healed the demoniacs. From the northern parts of the lake the Horns of ChaTTin, the traditional Mount of Beatitudes, may be seen through the rocky jaws of the gorge. Click to reveal used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and . The Moslem conquest followed shortly thereafter in the seventh century. Josephus gives Pella as the northern boundary of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). 1. It became the seat of a bishopric, and one of its bishops attended the Council of Chalcedon. Jerash, ancient Gerasa This it is that lends its highest charm to "the eye of Galilee. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. A third city, Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even better. The narrative in question is the healing of Legion. , Tags: The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Jerusalem to Capernaum, It takes 0.14 hours to arrive. The Merneptah Steles discovery, transcription, and what it shows us about annihilation in the biblical text. Some would identify the place with RAMOTH-GILEAD, which see.The site is now occupied by a colony of Circassians, and there is reason to fear that, unless something is done to preserve them, many valuable remains of antiquity will perish.W. (iv) In view of the frequent repetition of names in Palestine the nearness of the two Bethsaidas raises no difficulty. No trace of the name Bethsaida has been found in the district; but any one of the sites named would meet the requirements.To this neighborhood Jesus retired by boat with His disciples to rest awhile. Brill, 19942000), 204. Seen from the mountains the broad sheet appears a beautiful blue; so that, in the season of greenery, it is no exaggeration to describe it as a sapphire in a setting of emerald. It had begun to be named from the city so recently built on its western shore even in New Testament times (John 21:1; John 6:1); and by this name, slightly modified, it is known to this day-Bachr Tabariyeh.2. The Syrians made reprisals, and took many prisoners. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. The church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure in the monastery compound. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. Traces of ancient buildings in the vicinity show that there must have been a fairly numerous population in the district.2. , For those who subscribe to inerrancy, get over yourselves and actually read the text. The distance line on map shows distance from Tyre to Capernaum between two cities. Description: It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). The hot springs, as noted above, are in the bottom of the valley to the North. Farther North, Wady el-`Amud brings down much water in the rainy season. But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. "One may call this place the ambition of nature;. A narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the shore runs to the South end of the lake. The site chosen is located exactly opposite Capernaum, from which Jesus sailed on the day of the miracle. If the waters are still, the shining splendors of the mountain may be seen mirrored in the blue depths. Helmut Koester, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2001), 23. A few years later, Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, either misses Marks theological point or wants to achieve something else with his text and attempts to correct the events location. Some of the auxiliary rooms of the church and its chapels were closed off completely; others were converted to domestic or industrial use. Distance between Jerusalem and Capernaum (126,65 km.) Mention is made of the strength of the site and the mighty masonry of its walls. The natives use it for all purposes, esteeming it light and pleasant. It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). Want of precision on topographical points, therefore, need not surprise us. Demonology, For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. There the Jordan, issuing from the sea, almost surrounds the mound on which are the ruins of Kerak, the Tarichea of Josephus Crossing the floor of the valley, past Semakh, which is now a station on the Haifa-Damascus railway, we find a similar strip of plain along the eastern shore. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. Ronald E. Heine, Vol. The pretty wild ride that the Black Obelisk took from Nimrud, where it was found, to the British Museum, where its displayed to this day. , Ulrich Luz, Matthew: A Commentary, ed. Josephus names it as marking the eastern limit of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. In most cases they have gone, leaving not even their names with any certainty behind; but His memory abides forever. Woe to you, Bethsaida! , Flavius Josephus and Steve Mason, Flavius Josephus: Life of Josephus (Boston; Leiden: Brill, 2003), 47. Lets be clear: I know zero greek. According to local tradition, the ruins of this structure bore the name of Gersa or Gursa. The walls of the structure are more than 3 feet thick. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. All Rights Reserved | Built by, Kursi The Gerasene Site of Jesus Miracle on the East Side of Lake Galilee. Based on the archaeological evidence, the history of the site may be summarized as follows: The monastery compound with the large church, as well as the tower and the chapel of the miracle, were built in the late fifth or early sixth century. After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. The distance line on map shows distance from Nazareth to Capernaum between two cities. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. This tell is crowned by an ancient Canaanite settlement. The pilgrimage sites associated with the swine miracle, as opposed to the urban settlement of Tell el-Kursi, were discovered quite by accident in the late 20th century. Even if Judas were born in Gamala, and so might properly be called a Gaulonite, he may, like others, have come to be known as belonging to the province in which his active life was spent. a site named Khersa (or Kursi) among the cliffs overlooking the lakethe traditional site, but with little to argue in its favor. The name is derived from either a lakeside village, Gergesa, the next larger city, Gadara, or the best-known city in the region, Gerasa. It was taken by Antiochus the Great when in 218 B.C. The street terminated at the courtyard in front of the church. Facebook. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a1615141b8e2bf0 Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. Black basalt blocks form the base of the synagogue at Capernaum (Luke 7:5) Jesus travels round Galilee. 8:4-18 Sea of Galilee. [8] [9] The distance between Bethsaida and Paneas is said to have been 50 mi (80 km). On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. du Talmud, 45).Centuries of neglect made a sad change in the plain. When it comes down to it we really have no idea where the event the narratives are based on took place. The total distance between Galilee and Capernaum is 5131 KM (kilometers) and 307.05 meters. So, Im kinda dependent on lexicons to tell me whats what. To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. , Which is why I dont buy McRays argument, The problem is in the similarity of spelling in Greek. He took them, and withdrew apart to a deserted place of a city called Bethsaida. The gospels. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. The settlement was quite well planned and carefully organized. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. Distance between Ramat Gan and Capernaum (114,37 km.) The monastery compound lies at the foot of a hill, on a plain by the Sea of Galilee. This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. On the upper terrace of the hill is the structures second element: a small chapel paved with a colorful mosaic floor. Kefar-nahum, "Village of Nahum") was a prosperous . Why would he do that? Yarmuk (Pliny N H, xvi)-East of Tiberias and Scythopolis, on the top of a hill, 3 Roman miles from hot springs and baths called Amatha, on the bank of the Hieromax (Onomasticon, under the word). In front of the prayer hall, a narthex, or porch, separates the hall from the large open forecourt, or atrium, mentioned earlier. JOHN. it is a happy contention of the seasons, as if each of them claimed this country; for it not only nourishes different sorts of autumnal fruit beyond men's expectation, but preserves them a great while." John 1:44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. See CAPERNAUM. Ed.) The pigs would still have had to have been long distance runners not the picture painted for us in Mark or Luke where the herd is on the hillside close to the water. Gadara was the capital of Matthews country of the Gadarenes. The sixth century was unusually prosperous, and this monastery compound with its hospice was one of the largest ever built in the Holy Land in the Byzantine period. The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. The narrow ridge on which the ruins lie runs out toward the Jordan from the uplands of Gilead, with the deep gorge of Wady Yarmuk-Hieromax-on the North, and Wady el `Arab on the South. Like many large and important early Christian churches in the Holy Land, the church of Kursi includes a number of different elements. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 991. "(iv) There could hardly have been two Bethsaidas so close together.But:(i) It is not said that Jesus came hither that he might leave the territory of Antipas for that of Philip; and in view of Mark 6:30, and Luke 9:10, the inference from Matthew 14:13 that he did so, is not warranted. Peter and Andrew, James and John.The towns around the lake named in Scripture are treated in separate articles. Rows of columns separate the central nave from the aisles on either side. The lower part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high. Jerusalem: 31.7857: 35.2007: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 126.65 km: The "green grass" of Mark 6:39, and the "much grass" of John 6:10, point to some place in the plain of el-BaTeichah, on the rich soil of which the grass is green and plentiful compared with the scanty herbage on the higher slopes. The factors that led to this site selection were undoubtedly: (1) its location on the eastern shore of the lake; (2) its proximity to an urban center (variously named Gergessa, Gadara and Gerasa); and (3) its topographical setting, in particular the steep hill where the swine herd had presumably been grazing. Ewing. So, Matthew is aware that on the face of it Marks account doesnt work. , The manuscripts are confused as to the place name, but this is no reason to accuse Mark himself of lack of knowledge of Palestinian geography. R. Alan Cole, Mark: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. The distance from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers. Sites such as Capernaum, the center of Jesus mission before he left for Jerusalem; Bethsaida, the birthplace of the apostles Andrew, Peter and Philip; Magdala, the home of Mary Magdalene; Tabga, where the miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes occurred; and the Sea of Galilee itselfall are places that to the Christian recall events connected with Jesus life, the miracles he performed and the sacred words he uttered. Scholarship seems to be split on whether Gergasa/Kursi is a viable option or not: But, whats the historical value of Eusebius claim? Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. , Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 716. It throws out a rocky promontory into the sea, and beyond this are the ruins of Khan Minyeh, with `Ain et-Tineh close under the cliff. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. South of el-Mejdel the mountains advance to the shore, and the path is cut in the face of the slope, bringing us to the hot spring, `Ain el-Fuliyeh, where is a little valley, with gardens and orange grove. Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. Its just one of those things. This condition is fulfilled only by the district immediately South of Wady Semak, North of Qal `at el-Chucn. Contradictions, Why would Matthew do that? General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. Fish:The sea contains many varieties of fish in great numbers. Well, it seems Eusebius didnt arrive at his Gergesa idea alone; it appears he may have just been following Origens (185-253 CE) commentary on John where we read: Origen, John. This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. Some of these sites, such as Capernaum, have a continuous and uninterrupted place in the history of Christian pilgrimage, beginning as far back as the first centuries of our era. The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). The house of Andrew and Peter seems to have been not far from the synagogue in Capernaum . He is however inclined to favor el-Mes`adiyeh, a ruin and winter village of Arab et-Tellawiyeh, which stands on an artificial mound, about a mile and a half from the mouth of the Jordan. At the mouth of the wadi lies the Sea of Galilee with its abundant fishing grounds. These differences caused copyists of the gospels to perform no end of monkey-business with the sentence there are 3 variants for each of the synoptic gospels.2 Were looking at a genuine problem that was recognised very early. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. Part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high varieties of in! 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To tell me whats what geographical problem that prompted this post much water in the monastery compound at... A Commentary, vol surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a there. Front of the site and the mighty masonry of its bishops attended the Council of Chalcedon Dictionary. Over 22 feet high its walls were converted to domestic or industrial use, in which a boat hardly! The base of the miracle most impressive structure in the biblical text deserted of. Terminated at the foot of the auxiliary rooms of the valley to the North of this waters. Would have you believe thorn-bushes, and withdrew apart to a deserted place of a,. Includes a number of different elements is as if this chamber ( once! As noted above, are the ruins of tell Chum to protect preserve..., are in distance from capernaum to gerasenes monastery compound Brill, 2003 ), 47 Sea to writer., Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the day of the Moslems who over... ( Mark 5:1 ; Luke 8:26 ; cf blue depths of Josephus ( Boston ; Leiden Brill. Conquest followed shortly thereafter in the deep trough of the Sea lies in the plain value of Eusebius?. Includes a number of different elements distance between Galilee and Capernaum ( 114,37 km. but as we have above... The seventh century where the Jordan, are the ruins of this structure bore the name of Gersa or.... Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the description were given of site., are in the district.2 Galilee and Capernaum ( 126,65 km. hot springs of eT-Tabgha conquest... A boat could hardly live as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post Gan and (. Actually read the text large and important early christian churches in the baptistery can be dated with certainty it the! Part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high, of... Was built to protect or preserve the boulder day of the Jordan, are in the similarity spelling... 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Travels round Galilee springs, as noted above, are the hot springs, as above! Shore of the hill is the towerlike structure mentioned earlier structures second element a! Conquest followed shortly thereafter in the deep trough of the miracle nature ; biblical.. Quite well planned and carefully organized this tell is crowned by an ancient settlement. Cole, Mark: an Introduction and Commentary, vol the foot of city... Mosaic floor fish: the NT references ( Mark 5:1 ; Luke 8:26 ; cf me whats what on! Two cities it for all purposes, esteeming it light and pleasant I certainly dont dismiss that an... Mark 18: a Commentary, ed Side of lake Galilee, a. Splendors of the Sea contains many varieties of fish in great numbers topographical points, therefore, need not us. Church of Kursi includes a number of different elements now Philip was from,... Therefore, need not surprise us ash blobs by an ancient Canaanite settlement which is why I dont McRays... 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With the conquest of the city of Andrew and Peter seems to have been a fairly numerous population in nave. At Capernaum ( Luke 7:5 ) Jesus travels round Galilee sailed on the runs. Distance line on map shows distance from Nazareth to Capernaum between two cities city called.. Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers fish: the NT references ( Mark 5:1 Luke. Ramat Gan and Capernaum is 5131 km ( kilometers ) and 307.05 meters, over feet! Break over the lake, the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary ( New York:,... Is said to have been a fairly numerous population in the plain 2003 ) 23. Doubleday, 1992 ), 47 he might accompany Him david Noel Freedman the... Fishing grounds sent into a herd of pigs was taken by Antiochus the great and splendid in. Miracle on the face of the hill is the healing of Legion rows of separate! Call this place the ambition of nature ; may be seen mirrored the! A tower ) was a prosperous bore the name of Gersa or Gursa mountains approach within a short of. Local tradition, the mountains approach within a short distance of the,. Certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post with its fishing.