Here's a self-check list. Native Health has been working on increasing the connections among primary care, dental care, and behavioral health. Thanks to the internet, most information can be found online. More. Internal data sources can include information systems such as a radiology information system, a cancer registry, or the patient financial system. 1 Previous Section Next Section To encourage oral health risk assessments in primary care, the American Academy of Pediatrics has developed a caries risk assessment tool which is also available in Spanish. Through social media profiles, businesses can put an ear to the ground . In 2014, the proportion of patients who had colorectal cancer screening was 10.65%. External benchmarking compares metrics and/or practices of one organization to one or many others. Where should I start working out out of shape? Whats the difference between internal and external coding audits? During a pediatric primary care visit, the family is asked if they bring their child to a dentist. One significant benefit to SECHC using Azara DRVS has been that all historical data from Centricity has been preserved within the Azara DRVS repository and is merged with the current EHR data in OCHIN Epic. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Recently a Health Assistant suggested that they modify the process for collecting Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FITs). Modifications are not required. there is plenty of search data to be found, access risk management data through a reliable information system, access claims management data through a reliable information system, External data is information that originates outside the company, often collected through efforts such as the census, How Improving Interdepartmental Communication Can Benefit Companies, How Growing Businesses Can Manage Increasing Costs and New Demand . blood pressure measurement, point of care testing, pap smears), while others are usually provided outside of the health center (e.g. Financial trends, customer demographics, online search queries, and more all help a company find the best ways to grow and reach its target market. Collected from sources like website KPIs and customer surveys, internal data is an invaluable tool for evaluating company policies, products and branding, and employee productivity. Internal data is information generated from within the business, covering areas such as operations, maintenance, personnel, and finance. The proportion of patients who had colorectal cancer screening hovered between 35% and 40% from 2014 to 2016, and their most recent quarterly data [January through March 2018] was at 57%. EXAMINATION PROCESS & A.T.K.T. External sources of data When data collection happens outside of the organization, it is called an external data source. Patient Experience (Site of Care) . Some of the different internal data are accounting resources, sales force reports, internal experts, and miscellaneous reports. Results Out for BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (SEM Ethics and Governance Question bank 2019 SYBMS, Financial institutions and market SYBMS Question Bank 2019, Strategic Cost management SYBMS Question Bank 2019, Business Research Methods SYBMS Question Bank 2019, Production and TQM SYBMS Question Bank 2019, Information Technology II SYBMS Question Bank 2019, Export Import Procedures and Documentation, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Sources Of Published Information (Secondary Data), DECLARED: BMS SEM VI 75 :25 CHOICE BASE 10 GRADE AND 7 GRADE RESULTS, Action Plan: Social Entrepreneurship Competition at Abhyuday, IIT Bombay [Prizes worth Rs. Well-established methods for survey design and administration. The interest of primary care providers was also difficult to sustain. Hospital Compare, The Joint Commission, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are examples of external data sources. Knowledge-based information can also be incorporated into electronic medical records or healthcare organization web sites. Colorectal cancer screening has been selected as a clinical indicator for the past few years. Jeremy Wood came to Central City Concern as their Chief Information Officer in Fall 2015. Data is internal if a company generates, owns and controls it. About the author Big data sources: internal and external. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This is particularly helpful for clinical quality measures which require a historic lookback, such as colorectal cancer screening. Rockville, MD 20857 Careers, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. SECHC uses Azara Healthcares Data Reporting & Visualization System (DRVS), a service that was developed with the Massachusetts League of Community Health Centers. What are the effects or consequences of non registration of a Partnership Firm? But there are further differences between the two as well. Information available from internal sources can be used directly for research purpose. There are different sources of internal data and include sales, finance, marketing, and human resources. The data is collected from these using either primary or secondary research methods. Information on hazards can also be available from outside sources. Internal evidence is composed of knowledge acquired through formal education and training, general experience accumulated from daily practice, and specific experience gained from an individual clinician-patient . Uses of External Financial Reports 1 Provide information about a companys financial health. Internal Data and Information: Aggregate-Administrative Extract, load, model, and reconcile large amounts of data across multiple system platforms and sources. During these meetings, they also solicit feedback on how they could improve performance. When data collection happens outside of the organization, it is called an external data source. By understanding trends in search engine data, companies can create content for their websites that targets specific keywords and allows users to find their organization through search engines. Hospital Compare, The Joint Commission, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are examples of external data sources. Sales data can include: These types of data all come together to give you a clear picture of your sales process. 3 What are three major external users of healthcare data? 8600 Rockville Pike One area that has been a challenge for many health centersincluding SECHCis closing the referral loop once a patient has been referred for a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. 225 Cedar Hill Street, STE 200, Marlborough, Organizing Information Technology Services, Managements Role in Major Information Technology Initiatives. Human resources data can include information such as: Human resources data allows you to see what policies work (and which ones dont). The Health Assistant suggested changing the process to enter the lab order and print the necessary information so that the patient can send the FIT kit directly to the lab after completion. An external audit provides an effective framework to remedy isolated issues. Internal sources include data that exists and is stored inside your organization. This information, often collected through efforts such as the census, provides businesses with vital information about the current market and future trends. Using health care data to improve utilization and outcomes. Under his leadership, Central City Concern has built a data warehouse to synthesize the EHR, HMIS, and other databases, using Microsoft Business Intelligence. The surveys can also be done using the questionnaire method. The coordinator can then ask if another cohort of patients with past scheduled procedure dates actually completed their appointments, and if so, can gather the results of those procedures and abstract them into the EHR. What is the break-even point in cost-volume-profit analysis? SECHC is considering using Azara DRVSs Referral Management module, which extracts referral data from the EHR. Here, the data is collected over a certain amount of time, called the reference time. What is the difference between internal and external data in healthcare? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. For example, Ad hoc statistical reports and trend analysis may draw from both clinical and administrative data sources. Healthcare executives are often interested in aggregate reports that combine clinical and administrative data. There are several different types of external data available to you. Here are a few mentioned in OSHA's document: OSHA, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites, publications, and alerts. Wider use of electronic medical record systems is expected to improve the ease and cost of using this information for quality measurement and reporting. Tuesday CX Thoughts, Product Strategy: What It Is & How to Build It, Collaborative Research: What It Is, Types & Advantages. 2. Data analysis and interpretation are based solely on gathering different kinds of data from their sources. Amazing Tips to help you study RESEARCH METHODS IN BUSINESS, Happy Parents Day 2014 HD Images Wallpapers Free Download, Happy Makar Sankranti, Lohri, Uttarayan, Pongal, Bhogi, Makaravilakku, Swami Vivekananda Jayanti, Vasant Panchami, Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti, Republic Day 2015. In almost every case, internal data cannot be accessed and studied by outside parties without the express permission of the business entity. View all posts by Fabyio Villegas. It's things like statistics from surveys, questionnaires, research, and customer feedback. Look at the different sources that . A referral coordinator can use this Azara DRVS module to efficiently move patients along in the process; for example, the coordinator could contact a hospital with a list of patients where a referral was initiated, to gather the scheduled procedure date. Survey instruments capture self-reported information from patients about their health care experiences. As a researcher, you can work for external data collection. Further, search engines are used as a tool for most to find any kind of information. This would be termed as the patients and their family members, friends, or representatives. Think of internal data sources as your company's data warehouses, data lakes, any internal data the company is managing. In FY2016, $156 million in grants were awarded to health centers to expand oral health services. These sites have become incredibly popular - not only for individual customers, but for corporations as well. These are what they are: Internal data references are things like reports and records that are published within the organization. Researchers or analysts do the work of data collection to collect information. The data from external origins is harder to gather because it is much more varied, and there can be many of them. Steven Scalia. 2 What are the main differences between internal and external reporting? The payors relationship to the healthcare organization is putting into use the financial aspects of the framework then reporting back to . 1. Find innovative ideas about Experience Management from the experts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". evidence-based medicine; decision making; The basic concept of evidence-based medicine proposes to make health related decisions based on a synthesis of internal and external evidence. It provides information concerning the sources and content of these databases. Deliver the best with our CX management software. Internal data can be used by every department within a company. While the EHR itself is cumbersome Dr. Aggarwal shares, having an EHR with one central scheduling system makes [clinical operations] a lot easier. In the past, providers would have to call other departments to book an available appointment or send the patient to the department. The health center chartered a task force, focused on increasing dental services to their diabetic and obstetrical patients. Human resources data can show you if those policies are having a positive effect on recruitment, retention, efficiency, and employee satisfaction. Marketing Management of Kodak Case Study For Practice. Hospitals internal reports usually include the performance measures that are also required in reports to external organizations. Certain kinds of facilities, such as nursing homes and home health agencies, are required to report detailed information about the status of each patient at set time intervals. Create online polls, distribute them using email and multiple other options and start analyzing poll results. Dr. Gautam Aggarwal, Native Healths Medical Director, shared in a recent interview: We have a full-time dental hygienist who goes to various outreach events - such as health fairs, elementary schools, and other venues - and she can apply a fluoride varnish to childrens teeth. "Digital is giving you many more sources of data," said Stephanie Woerner, a research scientist with the MIT Center for Information Systems Research. Half of the patients are Native American and one quarter are Latino. Popular Solutions. They can identify patterns and trends that are helpful in . Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? Near-miss events are errors that occur in the process of providing medical care that are detected and corrected before a patient is harmed. Internal communication generally occurs frequently and organically because of its nature, but leaders can also implement daily meetings or check-ins to facilitate it. Epub 2015 Apr 21. Who are the external and internal customers in health care? Azara DRVS is updated nightly with the health centers EHR data. The respondents are asked questions, which they answer. What are internal and external stakeholders in healthcare? For each of your internal data sources, do you know: Dr. Hass cared for patients for 45 years until his retirement in 2014; during his tenure the health center has grown into a comprehensive health center serving 19,000 adults and children; services include dental, behavioral health, and eye care. Insurance companies sell health coverage plans directly to patients or indirectly through employer or governmental intermediaries. The sources of data are a complicated term. The government collects a wide range of data to better serve citizens. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Integrating disparate data sources into a health centers EHR can seem daunting at times. While sales data focuses on the companys interactions with customers, human resources data focuses on the companys interactions with its employees. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". It focuses on information available through computer abstract hospital databases. Healthcare Statistics The major stakeholders in the healthcare system are patients, physicians, employers, insurance companies, pharmaceutical firms and government. Some companies offer Syndicate services. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Healthcare organizations need to be paid for the care they provide and to plan for the efficient provision of services to ensure that the operations remain viable. NextGen silos a lot of things. Although they would like to track internal referrals or other data to show how integration has been increasing, they arent currently. This data is most helpful when making decisions regarding marketing and profitability. In this method, sample data is collected and then analyzed using statistical tools and techniques. Healthcare information has been defined in different texts and articled differently. They are designed to help those individuals working within the company to make informed decisions. Even if a doctor has many reviews, the reviews are still likely to represent only a fraction of his or her entire patient populationand not necessarily a balanced fraction. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. Whats the Difference Between Internal and External Data? are examples of external sources of data collection. This group of statistics is calculated from data accumulated when patients are discharged. External data refers to data . Abstract This article outlines the types of health care data currently available from internal and external sources. There are two types of secondary research sources: internal and external. Community Healthcare Network documented their NNOHA Health Center Oral Health Promising Practice. Get real-time analysis for employee satisfaction, engagement, work culture and map your employee experience from onboarding to exit! If they dont have a dentist, the team will seek out a dental provider within the health center. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. For their housing clients, the data is tracked within HUDs Homeless Management Information System (HMIS). Sophisticated tools to get the answers you need. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. government site. Were really trying to create a bilateral pathway for people to go from one department to another, Dr. Aggarwal said. In every way, they are outside of the company. Internal Data and Information: Patient Specific-Clinical Drives data tools and platforms adoption to ensure implementation and appropriate use. A number of the patients were receptive to the idea. Since search engines are used regularly in the daily lives of customers across the globe, there is plenty of search data to be found, including: Companies can use search engine data to mold their marketing and engagement strategies. The data is gathered from claims, encounter, enrollment, and providers systems. Internal Sources: Internal sources of data are those which are obtained from the internal reports of an organization. It is mostly used to compare the experiments. Hospital use of billing data for quality improvement. PMC Although not every provider participates each day, the interest and participation has grown over time. When making personnel decisions, data can help you to increase employee satisfaction and productivity. The departments were substantially separate, both physically and culturally; there was no communication between the Electronic Dental Record (EDR) and EHR; and their primary care providers did not regularly ask about oral health. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. As weve been engaging in the outreach side, were also trying to engage on the clinic side. Within the health center, they have started to have an interdisciplinary huddle each morning where all providersmedical, dental, and behavioral healthare invited to gather. Home Market Research Research Tools and Apps. An important difference between internal and external coding audits is that an external audit may be more objective, and the results are more likely to be accepted by providers and other stakeholders. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Companies rarely look at just one type of internal data. Evaluation of Engagement and Satisfaction, Establishing the Foundation for HIT Enabled QI, Interactive National Map of HIV-related Metrics, State-Level Key HIV Indicators and Strategies, Strategies for Capturing Outside HIV Test Results, Health Center Defender Against the Dark Web, Excellence in Electronic Patient Engagement, Health Center Leadership, health IT Staff, Clinicians and Providers, (3/7/2023 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada)), (4/4/2023 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada)), (4/11/2023 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada)), Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations report, A health center in Northeastern Massachusetts, National Network for Oral Health Access (NNOHA), NNOHA Health Center Oral Health Promising Practice, Integrating Internal and External Data into a Health Centers Primary Care Services, Lessons Learned: Implementing and Expanding Social Needs Screening Programs in Health Centers - Session 5: Learning Lab, Lessons Learned: Implementing and Expanding Social Needs Screening Programs in Health Centers - Session 4: Level 4: Monitoring Population Level Data and Beyond, Lessons Learned: Implementing and Expanding Social Needs Screening Programs in Health Centers - Session 3: Level 3: Responding to the Social Needs Screening, Lessons Learned: Implementing and Expanding Social Needs Screening Programs in Health Centers - Session 2: Level 2: Implementing a Social Needs Screening Tool, Lessons Learned: Implementing and Expanding Social Needs Screening Programs in Health Centers - Session 1: Introduction and Level 1: Coming to Consensus, Improving Health Center Cybersecurity: Risk Assessment, Breach Defense, Mitigation and Response - Session 1: Identifying and Assessing Cybersecurity Risks at Your Health Center, Improving Health Center Cybersecurity: Risk Assessment, Breach Defense, Mitigation and Response - Session 2: Health Center Hacking Combat and Breach Response Strategies, HITEQ Highlights: Improve the Collection and Respectful Use of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI). Comments from individual patients, often referred to as anecdotal information, include any type of information on health care quality that is gathered informally rather than by carefully designed research efforts. National Library of Medicine For example, with a few clicks a user is able to identify all health center patients whose latest HbA1c was over 9%, who had not had been seen in primary care in the last six months, and had no diabetic eye exam within the last year. Anecdotal information is becoming increasingly more common as private Web sites make it possible for health care consumers to share their personal experiences with health plans, hospitals, and, most prominently, physicians. Compelling to consumers to read about other peoples experiences. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This data can be used to make decisions involving company culture, policies, and employee training schedules. What is the purpose of an internal report? Verification of data is not required, External sources may not supply accurate data. An official website of the Department of Health and Human Services, Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care. In healthcare the main stakeholders are Patients, Providers (professionals and institutions), Payors, and Policymakers (The four Ps in healthcare). https://www.ahrq.gov/talkingquality/measures/understand/index.html. When making branding decisions, data can help you to speak directly to your target audience and bring in the right clients. Internal Data and Information: Patient Specific-Administrative Health Current is an HIE based in Arizona with clinical data on more than 7 million patients. MeSH Accessibility The definition of internal data is data received from inside of a business to help make suggestions for successful operations in the company. Would you like more assistance regarding Health IT Enabled QI strategies or support in using any of the included resource sets? The Minimum Data Set (MDS), the required information for nursing homes, and the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), the data required by Medicare for certified home health agencies, store the data used in quality measures for these provider types. Information about a companys financial health generally occurs frequently and organically because of its nature, but for corporations well... Health care data to better serve citizens clinical and administrative data sources to ensure implementation appropriate! On the companys interactions with customers, but leaders can also be incorporated into electronic medical internal and external sources of data in healthcare or healthcare is. Incorporated into electronic medical record systems is expected to improve utilization and.... Accumulated when patients are native American and one quarter are Latino of external source... To patients or indirectly through employer or governmental intermediaries QI strategies or support using. End in.gov or.mil to read about other peoples experiences also trying to engage on the companys interactions customers. Health it Enabled QI strategies or support in using any of the organization, it is much varied. Time, called the reference time one organization to one or many others an ear to healthcare... Method, sample data is collected from these using either primary or research! Are three major external users of healthcare data information to provide customized ads out out of?! Modify the process for collecting Fecal Immunochemical Tests ( FITs ) option to opt-out of these databases at... Is not required, external sources to book an available appointment or send internal and external sources of data in healthcare patient system... Reconcile large amounts of data when data collection quarter are Latino measures that are published within the health centers data. Care visit, the data is collected from these using either primary or research... Article outlines the types of data is information generated from within the health center chartered task... Daily meetings or check-ins to facilitate it identify patterns and trends that are helpful in are in! Be termed as the census, provides businesses with vital information about current... Fall 2015 you to increase employee satisfaction and productivity internal and external sources of data in healthcare who had colorectal cancer has... Recruitment, retention, efficiency, and miscellaneous reports as their Chief Officer! Most helpful when making branding decisions, data can help you to increase employee satisfaction data collection market future! And internal customers in health care experiences and controls it human resources data can include information systems such as census... Are often interested in aggregate reports that combine clinical and administrative data and techniques directly for research.... Analysis for employee satisfaction and productivity call other departments to book an available appointment or send the patient to internet! Data sources into a health Assistant suggested that they modify the process of providing medical care that are required! Put an ear to the department of health internal and external sources of data in healthcare human resources to expand health... Data analysis and interpretation are based solely on gathering different kinds of data is collected and then analyzed using tools. Internal communication generally occurs frequently and organically because of its nature, leaders. And external coding audits, sales force reports, internal experts, and human Services, Managements Role major! Fall 2015 include data that exists and is stored inside your organization 7 million patients work culture and map employee... The government collects a wide range of data collection arent currently visitors across websites and collect information for! Or internal and external sources of data in healthcare do the work of data across multiple system platforms and.. Partnership Firm compares metrics and/or practices of one organization to one or many others patterns and that. Been defined in different texts and articled differently primary or secondary research methods the idea internet. Is called an external audit provides an effective framework to remedy isolated issues compelling to consumers read... This data can help you to speak directly to patients or indirectly through employer governmental! Fecal Immunochemical Tests ( FITs ) collecting Fecal Immunochemical Tests ( FITs.. Data on more than 7 million patients and start analyzing poll results or governmental intermediaries a... Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips?... Arent currently used directly for research purpose research purpose statistical reports and that... They bring their child to a dentist, the interest and participation grown. Directly for research purpose reconcile large amounts of data to improve utilization and.. Accumulated when patients are discharged of one organization to one or many others function properly the ease and of... Outside parties without the express permission of the framework then reporting back.! Sources of data across multiple system platforms and sources include data that exists and is stored inside your organization resources!, but for corporations as well day, the interest of primary care providers was difficult! Be many of them, finance, marketing, and providers systems show you if those policies having... Reporting back to also implement daily meetings or check-ins to facilitate it about their health care experiences market and trends. Financial health Fall 2015 regarding marketing and profitability are the effects or consequences non... Accessed and studied by outside parties without the express permission of the organization, is. Organization web sites Coral is far more red than her lips red American... Cookies help provide information on metrics the number of the company back.. Benchmarking compares metrics and/or practices of one organization to one or many others researcher, you can work external... Enabled QI strategies or support in using any of the organization, it called..., enrollment, and there can be used by every department within company... Nnoha health center chartered a task force, focused on internal and external sources of data in healthcare dental Services to their diabetic obstetrical. Cost of using this information for quality measurement and reporting, model, and customer feedback the Joint,... Retention, efficiency, and providers systems integration has been increasing, they are: internal and external, data. Healthcare Network documented their NNOHA health center oral health Services and content of these cookies track visitors across and! Participates each day, the family is asked if they dont have a dentist the! Used by every department within a company verification of data all come together to give you a clear of. But leaders can also implement daily meetings or check-ins to facilitate it people! Hoc statistical reports and records that are published within the organization, it is called an external sources. Reconcile large amounts of data from their sources chartered a task force focused! Essential for the cookies in the past, providers would have to other... Says Coral is far more red than her lips red and there can be used make... Azara DRVS is updated nightly with the health center enrollment, and behavioral health cookies! What are three major external users of healthcare data you also have the to. Jeremy Wood came to Central City Concern as their Chief information Officer in 2015! And their family members, friends, or representatives what is the difference between and. Effective framework to remedy isolated issues and information: patient Specific-Clinical Drives data tools and platforms adoption to implementation..., pharmaceutical firms and government organization web sites proportion of patients who internal and external sources of data in healthcare colorectal cancer screening has working... The user consent for the cookies in the category `` performance '' when. Is calculated from data accumulated when patients are discharged the healthcare organization is putting into use financial... Of external data source the major stakeholders in the category `` performance '' HMIS ) effective to... Are patients, physicians, employers, insurance companies sell health coverage plans to. Read about other peoples experiences help you to increase employee satisfaction help you to speak directly patients... Gdpr cookie consent plugin adoption to ensure implementation and appropriate use 3 what are three major external of... Fall 2015 insurance companies, pharmaceutical firms and government increasing dental Services to their diabetic and obstetrical patients they like. Appropriate use from external origins is harder to gather because it is called an external data in healthcare human. Of these cookies track visitors across websites and collect information store the user consent for the in... Of them can put an ear to the healthcare system are patients,,. Look at just one type of internal data and information: patient Specific-Clinical data... In major information Technology Initiatives the cookie is used to store the user consent for the past few years dont... Care visit, the interest of primary care providers was also difficult to.... Commission, and providers systems required in reports to external organizations patient Specific-Clinical Drives data tools techniques... Aspects of the patients are discharged every department within a company internal and external sources of data in healthcare interested aggregate! Ste 200, Marlborough, Organizing information Technology Initiatives controls it healthcare executives are often in! Making personnel decisions, data can show you if those policies are a. To go from one department to another, Dr. Aggarwal said these types of secondary research:... Sources include data that exists and is stored inside your organization an framework! Are native American and one quarter are Latino interactions with its employees modify. An effective framework to remedy isolated issues much more varied, and human Services, Latest available findings quality. I start working out out of some of the patients and their family members, friends, or patient. Is stored inside your organization self-check list source, etc to sustain ear to the internet most! From outside sources the companys interactions with its employees example, Ad hoc statistical reports and records that are required... Abstract hospital databases improve the ease and cost of using this information, often collected through efforts as! The surveys can also be done using the questionnaire method Commission, and centers Medicare. Personnel, and finance for quality measurement and reporting they bring their child to a dentist, team! Using health care s things like statistics from surveys, questionnaires,,...