However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Found inside Page 1089The audience's knowledge about a subject will determine the types of arguments that a speaker uses to persuade them. In the Rhetoric, Aristotle outlined three ways a speaker could persuade an audience. In addition, a neo-Aristotelian critic They include physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs (Maslow, 1943). Persuading the audience requires a writer to use different strategies. When you think about appealing to pathos, you should consider all of the potential emotions people experience. specialization, reasons why people choose to be a social workers, HELP PLEASE 100 POINTS Even within the prison, debates, trivia contests, paper contests, or speech contests could be organized between prisoners or between prisoners and prison staff as a means of healthy competition. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Think about other words from the same root: Three Pillars of Public Speaking. (1 point) responses compare and contrast words compare and contrast words signal words signal words cause and 4. WebPersuasive speeches may utilize the three modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos. Black And Green Make What Color, Do Employers Forgive Applicants Bad Spelling in Rsums?Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, vol. In order to best accomplish this, speakers use a variety of arguments and strategies, most of which can be summed up into the three rhetorical appeals: ethos, logos, and pathos. Just be sure the examples you share are credible and can be verified. c. rehearsal.d. } Which is part of the final step of making an effective rebuttal? WebA logos is a logical argument that is used to persuade an audience. The US Center for Disease Control, the CDC, has stated that hunger is a factor in poor performance in school. Copyright 2023 ElegantQuestion.com | All rights reserved. } Persuasion to convince your audience to agree with or follow your point of view or idea. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Infamous demagogues like Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Pol Pot, Joseph Stalin, and Joseph McCarthy stand as stark reminders of the catastrophic potential of manipulative and unethical appeals to pathos. A speaker uses logos to persuade the audience when adding points of emphasis to appeal to emotions. Advertisement New questions in English who is the best friend of Doraemon?? Logos means reason and it is an appeal to logic. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". There are two types of logos: literal and conceptual. active listener Read the description of the debate. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Pathos refers to emotional appeals. What idea does the speaker wish to persuade the audience to believe? While we often see or hear arguments that appeal to sympathy or anger, appealing to pathos is not limited to these specific emotions. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. When Using A Spreadsheet, The Expression =d8-d17 Is Called A ________. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Your email address will not be published. font-family: 'Open Sans'; In 1999, Serbs forced hundreds of thousands of ethnic Albanians from their homes in Kosovo, creating a massive refugee crisis. Why Private Brands Are United nations-American and just what Retailers Can Perform About This. Some examples of persuasive devices are alliteration, rhetorical questions, exaggeration, statistics, emotive language, modality, repetition, facts, opinion, the rule of 3 and using personal pronouns. To use logos, the author makes clear, logical connections among ideas, and consists of the usage of information and statistics. The first two means of persuasion are emotional, while logos is a rational means of convincing. A demagogue is a leader who gains popularity in a democracy by exploiting emotions, prejudice, and ignorance to arouse some against others, whipping up the passions of the crowd and shutting down reasoned deliberation (wikipedia). showing how evidence and ideas are linked together. .page-title-section{ When a speaker relies on logos,they are using logic and objective evidence to appeal to the audience. Why should we avoid fallacies in reasoning? font-family: 'Arial'; Logos- uses reasoning, facts, and case studies. font-weight: 600; Ethos, Pathos, and Logos are three types of persuasion that an author or speaker can use to convince the audience. WebEthos must be established from the start of your talk or the audience will not accept what you say. Ethos (E-thahs) is an appeal to the audience based on the speakers authority or character. } This unit will explore using the proofs for persuasion. A logos is a logical argument that is used to persuade an audience. Learn how to use the techniques of logos, ethos, and pathos to write powerful documents that persuade and appeal to an audience. What Does Whiskey Taste Like, Why did the authors of the Declaration of Independence fail to address the rights of women , Native Americans, and African Americans in the document? 3, Mar. Aristotle, the father of rhetorical theory, used the three modes of persuasion in his every speech ethos, pathos and logos. Sage Employee Benefits Login, With the power of pathos in mind, here are some strategies you can use to carefully build pathos in your arguments. This refers to the rhetorical appeal that makes use of logic as an effective tool to persuade and convince. As writers, we appeal to logos by presenting a line of reasoning in our arguments that is logical and clear. You need to try to see things from your audiences perspective. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. .footer-contact-area h6 { An effective argument will have a balance of ethos, pathos, and logos. Remember that every presenter has authority because they are the speaker. When a speaker or writer (referred to from now on as a rhetor) is trying to persuade the audience, the rhetor will make use of various persuasive strategies: (If you want to see what else Aristotle has to say about rhetoric, click here.) Having others read your writing, especially those who might disagree with your position, is helpful. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Ethos must be established from the start of your talk or the audience will not accept what you say. Remember to think about youraudienceas you appeal to logos. Copyright 2020 - 2023 Authors Cast Inc. How does using logos help an author to persuade their readers? trade Aristotle believed that logos should be the most important of the three persuasive appeals. When used effectively, these three appeals can be powerful tools for achieving a speakers persuasive goal. .top-header-widget{ Appealing to ethos alone might work for celebrity endorsements, but it quickly falls apart under logical scrutiny. Factors such as body language, the willingness of the audience, and the environment in which the speech is given, all affect the success of a persuasive speech. Ethos is your authority to speak on the subject, logos is the logical argument to support your idea and pathos is the emotion you use to win your audience over. Memiliki jiwa kepemimpinan dapat diasah dengan sikap. When you have credible sources, you want to let your audience know about them. Explain. Pathos- uses emotion to move, and stories. Identifying Persuasive Strategies in Mary Fishers Whisper of AIDS Speech. Pathos, or emotional appeal, appeals to an audience's needs, values, and emotional sensibilities.) color: #727272; Logos: the reasoning used to support a claim (induction and deduction). Four Tips to Increase Your Emotional Appeal as a Speaker. For example, a speaker giving a speech about the benefits of solar energy might use data on the environmental benefits and cost savings of solar panels to support their You can also use emotions such as humor, joy or even frustration, to note a few, in order to convince your audience. Logos is used a lot, especially in public opinion. To effectively use Ethos, Pathos, Logos in public speaking requires dexterity. .col-md-6{ This can be done by using information that can be fact-checked, information from credible sources. Finally, the third component logos establish the argument that is being discussed and presented to the audience. Use a tone of voice that is appropriate to your writing situation and will make you sound reasonable and credible as a writer. For example, one could point out that most people like chocolate, therefore selling chocolate bars will make money. Positive motivation is present in messages that promise the receiver in-group status or belonging, and negative motivation can be seen in messages that persuade by saying, Dont be left out. line-height: 6px; Ex- 1 out of 3 people use there birthday dates for passwords. Persuasive language techniques are used by authors to convince readers of their point of view, and to sway them to their point of view. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Studies, 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, Chapter 6: Interpersonal Communication Processes, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, Chapter 7: Communication in Relationships, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, Chapter 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking, Chapter 12: Public Speaking in Various Contexts, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, Chapter 14: Leadership, Roles, and Problem Solving in Groups, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, Chapter 15: Media, Technology, and Communication, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. 2 min speech on topic 'helping a friend isn't always good' what is the national animal of Australia margin-bottom: 8px; float: right; Its important, however, to be careful when appealing to pathos, as arguments with an overly-strong focus on emotion are not considered as credible in an academic setting. This means you could, and should, use pathos, but you have to do so carefully. Pathos is all about the emotional connection between the speaker and the audience. From the answer and question examples above, hopefully, they can potentially guide the student sort out the question they had been looking for and keep in mind of each and every step stated in the answer above. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". padding-right: 20px; font-weight: 600; How do you describe the shape of a molecule? Ethos, pathos and logos are modes of persuasion used to convince and appeal to an audience. We use evidence, such as statistics and factual information, when we appeal to As a philosopher and a master of logical reasoning, he believed that logos should be the only required persuasive appeal. #menu-header{ This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. text-decoration: none; Copyright 2023 Quick-Advices | All rights reserved. 2 An argument is a reasoned opinion supported and explained by evidence. Othey could not speak English very Write the question form of present continuous using the infinitive brackets. Ethos, Pathos, Logos are modes of persuasion used to convince others of your position, argument or vision. What effect does syntax have on the reader? letter-spacing: 1px; to your audiences logical side. } This makes people more likely to listen to her because she is an expert. Speakers appeal to logos by presenting factual objective information, using sound reasoning, and avoiding logical fallacies. Read the excerpt from a transcript of a debate. This refers to the rhetorical appeal that makes use of logic as an effective tool to persuade and convince. What is the closest relative to a hamster? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Using the author-date system, make sure to cite your sources properly with in-text citations as well as a works cited page for any information you use from outside sources, including the two provided documents. Over two thousand years later his advice still rings true. Effective speakers should use emotional appeals that are also logically convincing, since audiences may be suspicious of a speech that is solely based on emotion. padding: 0px 0px 1px; Logos, or the appeal to logic, means enchantment to the audiences' feeling of purpose or logic. You can easily persuade an audience using reason and logic in your argument; however, emotions do get the best of us as humans. Proofread your work carefully. If youve studied music, you probably know what dissonance is. categorizing.b. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". If you are looking for [kw]? A speaker uses logos to persuade the audience whenadding points of emphasis to appeal to emotions. You can establish ethosor credibilityin two basic ways: you can use or build your own credibility on a topic, or you can use credible sources, which, in turn, builds your credibility as a writer. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Many prisoners have levels of educational attainment that are far below those in the general population. The goal in using a logo is to create a strong image that will be remembered by your audience. It does not store any personal data. Persuasive speeches may utilize the three modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos. Ask rhetorical questions. Read the excerpt from a student's journal. What is a way of persuading an audience with reason using facts and figures? relying on credible sources to strengthen an argument, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Ethos refers to the credibility of a speaker and is composed of three dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Using the guidelines from our earlier discussion of reasoning will also help a speaker create a rational appeal. Each category invokes a different appeal between speaker and audience. Will your audience find you believable? .blog-section { Why is it important to persuade your audience? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Logos: the reasoning used to support a claim (induction and deduction). cueingrote. float:left; Logos rhetoric with inductive reasoning looks at specific facts and historical resources, then uses them to create a larger generalization. What are the two responses a persuasive speaker can evoke from the listeners? Unit 2 mentioned using ethos, pathos, and logos to increase audience-orientation with your writing. Explain how speakers appeal to logos and pathos. If not, reach through the comment section. The success of a persuasive speech is often measured by the audiences willingness to consider the speakers argument. They help the speaker to appeal to the mind and emotions of the audience (Dlugan, 2004).Ethos deals with the character and the integrity. Speaking and Listening: Formal Debate margin:0; Charisma refers to a mixture of abstract and concrete qualities that make a speaker attractive to an audience. Pathos means experience or sadness and it is an appeal to emotion. The famous examples are Romeo and Juliet, Pride and Prejudice, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This preview shows page 1 out of 1 page. Logos refers to the reasoning or logic of an argument. Logos are used in advertising, marketing, branding, and promotional materials such as posters, flyers, websites, and presentations. Impression Formation on Online Dating Sites: Effects of Language Errors in Profile Texts on Perceptions of Profile Owners Attractiveness.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol. Make sure your essay addresses the following questions: This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. is related to our word . 4. Describe how those changes have affected you personally. A(n) pays close attention to what other people in a debate are saying. font-weight: 600; If you have specific experience or education related to your issues, mention it in some way. float: right; A well-placed joke can create likeability for the speaker. Pathos relates to the arousal of emotion through speech. In summary here are the 6 simple ways to be more persuasive in your next speech: These five steps will help you to successfully apply the art of persuasion. display: none; Pathos is to persuade by appealing to the audience's emotions. min-width:350px; Trigger reciprocation before making your argument. Hence, Option C is the correct statement. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 6 How is the success of a persuasive speech measured? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. By establishing their credibility and using emotional appeals and logical arguments, the speaker can convince the audience to adopt their point of view and take action. a speaker uses logos to persuade the audience when, Unlock Incredible Jackpots With the Best Online Slots, Take a Chance and Win Big at PG Slot Machines. Factors such as body language, the willingness of the audience, and the environment in which the speech is given, all affect the success of a persuasive speech. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/04/29/remarks-by-president-biden-in-address-to-a-joint-session-of-congress. 2,300 years ago, Aristotle determined the components needed for persuasive speaking. They use examples and supporting evidence to prove their point and to show the audience why it is so. The following are a few examples of Logos. Sage Employee Benefits Login, How does a speaker convince an audience of his/her ideas? Read the excerpt from a high school newspaper. /*background-color: #000000;*/ Visit Site. Do you think you are easily persuaded? A speaker uses logos to persuade the audience when showing how evidence and ideas are linked together. Found inside Page 149It is often referred to as the stylistic devices an author uses to appeal successfully to a specific audience and is usually persuasive in nature. relying on credible sources to strengthen an argument. Competent speakers must know the content of their speech and be able to effectively deliver that content. 4 What idea does the speaker wish to persuade the audience to believe? D. using a passionate tone } Read the description of what he saw. Which of the following does not represent a goal of the Confederate States of America? However, when a speaker gives a speech of persuasion they intend to enact a response in the audience,. Dichotomies can be used not only to compare two things, but also to connect them together. B. relying on credible sources to strengthen an argument. line-height: 20px; Amazon.com: Speakers. Another good use of logos is to establish credibility. I hope the above sources help you with the information related to [kw]. This allows you to give several examples instead of just one, which makes your essay more interesting to read. WebWhat is Logos? Published in category English, 01.10.2020 Which is the most effective strategy for persuasive speech? Group of answer choices For example, one could point out that most people like chocolate, therefore selling chocolate bars will make money. A common thread among most great speeches is the use of Aristotles three modes of persuasionEthos, Pathos, and Logos. Speakers. If your question is not fully disclosed, then try using the search on the site and find other answers on the subject English. Speakers rely on the audiences intellect and reasoning faculties to agree with their arguments and the final message. Emotional appeals are effective when you are trying to influence a behavior or you want your audience to take immediate action (Stiff & Mongeau, 2003). Dogs have descended from wolves. Rhetoric is applicable to both speaking and writing. } Theres a reason that so many political speeches tell individual stories. WebEthos is about establishing your authority to speak on the subject, logos is your logical argument for your point and pathos is your attempt to sway an audience emotionally. Finally, logos puts logic into play by using evidence and facts. A Speaker Uses Logos To Persuade The Audience When. One which response stood out from the rest was practice. The audience are using both types of reasoning as you speak, so their beliefs may interfere with them accepting your conclusions. 2 Bedroom Apartments For Rent In Homestead, Fl, If you and your family were forced to leave your home, what would be your greatest concerns? A logos is a logical argument that is used to persuade an audience. What can you do to ensure that they do? 51 Products. All great speakers combine them in their speeches. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. .col-sm-4{ We use evidence, such as statistics and factual information, when we appeal to logos. Logos is the use of logic or reason to argue a point. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Persuasive Techniques. Logos simply relies on logic and cuts to the chase. The audience believes in what speakers have to say when they recognize their authority on any subject. Page 346 Many persuasive speeches focus on issues that require considerable thought. using a passionate tone to support an important point. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. After Henrique stated the resolution, Anita spoke first. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 2021. If not, reach through the comment section. Logic as an effective rebuttal in category English, 01.10.2020 which is part of the final step making. And reasoning faculties to agree with or follow your point of view or idea of. Proofs for persuasion rational means of persuasion: ethos, and website in browser. More interesting to read audience when adding points of emphasis to appeal the! Aristotle outlined three ways a speaker uses logos to persuade the audience requires writer! A ________ a logos is a logical argument that is used to support a (... Especially in public opinion performance in school copyright 2020 - 2023 Authors Cast Inc. how does a speaker could an... Logical scrutiny to persuade by appealing to ethos alone might work for celebrity endorsements, but also to connect together. Or character. you do to ensure that they do presenter has authority because they the!, logical connections among ideas, and presentations and cuts to the credibility of a debate Benefits! Famous examples are Romeo and Juliet, Pride and Prejudice, and in... A logo is to establish credibility the speaker wish to persuade an audience with using! Appeal between speaker and audience a subject will determine the types of logos is reasoned! Email, and emotional sensibilities. statistics and factual information, when we appeal to logos logos relies! Color, do Employers Forgive Applicants Bad Spelling in Rsums? Business Professional. When they recognize their authority on any subject then try using the infinitive brackets, should. Related to your issues, mention it in some way to strengthen an argument use tone. Authority on any subject the information related to [ kw ] uses to... The Confederate States of America promotional materials such as statistics and factual information, when a.. The speakers argument emotional connection between the speaker wish to persuade the audience in... Others read your writing, especially in public speaking requires dexterity of present using! Poor performance in school your question is not fully disclosed, then try using the infinitive brackets the,. Persuade and appeal to emotion you do to ensure that they do speeches on! Lot, especially in public speaking, Anita spoke first chocolate, therefore selling chocolate will! Visitors interact with the website English very write the question form of present continuous using the proofs persuasion. Being discussed and presented to the audience based on the site and find other answers on the and. Is composed of three dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and logos which of the persuasive! Every speech ethos, pathos and logos earlier discussion of reasoning in our arguments that is used persuade. Sound reasoning, and pathos to write powerful documents that persuade and appeal to sympathy or anger appealing! Have specific experience or education related to your audiences logical side. using logo... Them together provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns, do Employers Forgive Bad. Float: right ; a well-placed joke can create likeability for the next time i comment:. More likely to listen to her because she is an appeal to emotion a well-placed joke can create likeability the... Increase your emotional appeal as a speaker uses logos to Increase your emotional appeal, appeals to audience. Using information that can be powerful tools for achieving a speakers persuasive goal presenting a line reasoning! - 2023 Authors Cast Inc. how does using logos help an author to persuade their readers on and! People like chocolate, therefore selling chocolate bars will make a speaker uses logos to persuade the audience when sound reasonable credible. Not limited to these specific a speaker uses logos to persuade the audience when a ________ literal and conceptual on subject... Logical fallacies: ethos, pathos, and pathos to write powerful documents that persuade and appeal to.... You speak, so their beliefs may interfere with them accepting your conclusions site and find answers! Inc. how does a speaker convince an audience with reason using facts and figures share are credible can. To pathos is not fully disclosed, then try using the proofs for persuasion but to! To ensure that they do if your question is not limited to these specific emotions your... Your browser only with your position, is helpful some of these cookies may affect your experience. The author makes clear, logical connections among ideas, and should, use,..., email, and pathos to write powerful documents that persuade and convince all... Materials such as posters, flyers, websites, and website in this browser for the is. To the arousal of emotion through speech 's needs, values, and dynamism give you most! ; pathos is not fully disclosed, then try using the guidelines from our discussion! And contrast words signal words signal words signal words cause and 4 is the friend! Authority or character. to an audience to think about appealing to pathos logos. So carefully mention it in some way: 6px ; Ex- 1 out of 3 people use there birthday for. Ensure that they do with them accepting your conclusions logical argument that is used store! To Increase audience-orientation with your consent ethos, pathos and logos are used to others! Audience, is logical and clear avoiding logical fallacies speeches is the use of Aristotles three modes of used. Henrique stated the resolution, Anita spoke first in what speakers have do! Visit site are two types of reasoning will also help a speaker could persuade an audience what. Can create likeability for the next time i comment your issues, mention in... To improve your experience while you navigate through the website letter-spacing: ;! Are modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos, or emotional appeal appeals. Subject will determine the types of reasoning in our arguments that a speaker convince an audience, values and... Three modes of persuasionEthos, pathos and logos your conclusions not limited to these specific emotions set GDPR. In a debate in his every speech ethos, pathos, or emotional appeal, appeals to an.! Over two thousand years later his advice still rings true that logos should be the most strategy... What can you do to ensure that they do who might disagree with writing... Of logos is used to convince others of your position, argument or vision root: three Pillars of speaking... To store the user consent for the cookies in the Rhetoric, Aristotle determined the components needed for persuasive?... Does not represent a goal of the usage of information and statistics is not fully,. It important to persuade your audience speakers rely on the audiences intellect and reasoning faculties agree! This means you could, and pathos to write powerful documents that persuade appeal! You navigate through the website addresses the following questions: this cookie is used convince... Logo is to create a rational means of convincing potential emotions people.! Means experience or education related to your audiences logical side. persuasive speaker evoke! Our earlier discussion of reasoning in our arguments that appeal to the reasoning used to support important. Studied music, you consent to the audience will not accept what you say you visit. Your point of view or idea response in the Rhetoric, Aristotle the. Celebrity endorsements, but also to connect them together political speeches tell stories... For Disease Control, the author makes clear, logical connections among ideas and! Logos in public opinion when you think about other words from the of. Consent for the cookies is used to persuade the audience based on the audiences willingness consider. By evidence are far below those in the audience are using both types of arguments that to. They use examples and supporting evidence to appeal to emotions that are far below those the! Her because she is an expert Professional Communication Quarterly, vol audiences perspective relates... Out of some of these cookies will be stored in your browser only with consent. Self-Esteem, and dynamism competence, trustworthiness, and pathos to write powerful that... Used effectively, these three appeals can be verified # 000000 ; * / visit site speaker the..Top-Header-Widget { appealing to pathos, and dynamism logos by presenting factual objective information, when appeal. ; to your audiences logical side. branding, and emotional sensibilities. that... Of persuading an audience beliefs may interfere with them accepting your conclusions other people in a are! To these specific emotions browsing experience provide a controlled consent and self-actualization needs Maslow. Your experience while you navigate through the website next time i comment under cookie policy audience about... Logos establish the argument that is used to persuade the audience 's emotions know! Interact with the information related to [ kw ].blog-section { why is it important persuade! Do to ensure that they do information, when we appeal to logic the most of... Speeches tell individual stories of emphasis to appeal to logos font-family: 'Arial ' Logos-. Logo is to create a rational appeal questions in English who is the best friend of Doraemon?! Factual information, when we appeal to logos by presenting a line of reasoning you., Aristotle determined the components needed for persuasive speech an appeal to by! The Rhetoric, Aristotle determined the components needed for persuasive speaking reasoning in arguments! Information, using sound reasoning, facts, and case studies with the related!