For example, narrowing of the vessels as the result of atherosclerosis and plaque buildup will impede the flow of blood in the body. Hypopituitarism - ATI templates and testing material. Compensatory (non- progressive)- Measures to increase cardiac output to restore tissue perfusion and oxygenation3. The cardiac rate runs from 40 to 100 beats per minute, the rhythm is usually regular, the P wave is absent, the PR interval is not able to be measured, the QRS complexes are wide and more than 0.12 seconds in duration, the T wave is detected and the cardiac output is decreased. The esophagus is about 25cm long. the prone position. Ventricular arrhythmias occur when the AV junction and the sinoatrial node fail to send their electrical impulses. There is no need to rebalance and recalibrate monitoring equipment hourly. D. Thready pulse Which of the following is C. Document the CVP and continue to monitor. A times a permanent pacemaker implantation is necessary for the correction of this cardiac arrhythmia. Rationale: Platelets are administered to clients who have thrombocytopenia. the nurse expect in the findings? D. Increased clotting factors. The most common causes of first degree heart block are an AV node deficit, a myocardial infarction particularly an inferior wall myocardial infarction, myocarditis, some electrolyte disorders, and medications like beta blockers, cardiac glycoside medications, calcium channel blockers and cholinesterase inhibitors. symptoms are not indicative of this outcome. Aspiration Which of the following findings loss. In World War I, a physiologist introduced this position as a way to treat shock by assuming that gravity would increase venous blood return to the heart, increase cardiac output and improve blood flow to the vital organs. treated with the diuretics. A. No treatments or interventions are typically indicated when the client is asymptomatic but intravenous isoproterenol or atropine may be given to the symptomatic client with this cardiac arrhythmia. ATI templates and testing material. She graduated Summa Cum Laude from Adelphi with a double masters degree in both Nursing Education and Nursing Administration and immediately began the PhD in nursing coursework at the same university. C. Loop diuretic therapy Documentation and continued monitoring is an inadequate response to the For example, venous stasis or hemostasis is a commonly occurring complication of immobility and during the post-operative period of time. When the registered nurse is assisting with the placement of these pacemakers, the nurse must be knowledgeable about the placement procedure, asepsis, and the care and monitoring of the client undergoing this invasive procedure. Hemodynamic studies reveal the following: BP 102/72 mm Hg; pulse 105; pulmonary arterial pressure Rationale: This CVP is within the expected reference range. The four types of atrial arrhythmias include atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and premature atrial contractions or complexes (PAC). Home and Safety - ATI templates and testing material. This clients PAWP A bifascicular block. Rationale: The nurse should not find changes in the sodium and fluid retention with this condition. hypovolemia. B. Rationale: Tachypnea is more likely than respiratory depression in a client who has anemia due to blood embolus. The complications can include ventricular fibrillation which can lead to cardiac arrest. Rationale: Confusion characterizes the compensatory stage of shock, as do decreased urinary output, cold The normal cardiac output is about 4 to 8 L per minute and it can be calculated as: Decreased cardiac output adversely affects the cardiac rate, rhythm, preload, afterload and contractibility, all of which can have serious complications and side effects. The nurse should The risks and complications of atrial flutter include atrial clot formation, a pulmonary embolus, a cerebrovascular accident, and a drop in cardiac output. Rationale: ANS: 2Systemic vascular resistance reflects the resistance to ventricular ejection, or The basic three types of pacemakers are the single chamber pacemaker, the dual chamber pacemaker and the biventricular pacemaker. Excessive thrombosis and bleeding. Which of the following Keep the head of the bed at or below a 30 angle (or flat), unless contraindicated, to relieve pressure on the sacrum, buttocks, and heels. A nurses is assessing for the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a client who has The five types of sinus rhythms are: Normal sinus rhythms have a rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute, the atrial and the ventricular rhythms are regular, the P wave occurs prior to each and every QRS complex, the P waves are uniform in shape, the length of the PR interval is form 0.12 to 0.20 seconds, the QRS complexes are uniform and the length of these QRS complexes are from 0.06 to 0.12 seconds. Rationale: ANS: 2A low CVP indicates hypovolemia and a need for an increase in the infusion rate. B. 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A. Rationale: While some of the findings might indicate atelectasis, the combination of the clients signs and Esophageal disorders can affect any part of the esophagus. The nurse should expect which of the following (CVP) measurements? The management of the care for a client with an alteration in hemodynamics such as decreased cardiac output in terms of the assessment for and recognition of the signs and symptoms and interventions was previously discussed above under the section entitled "Providing the Client with Strategies to Manage Decreased Cardiac Output". 7 mkg/kg/min, Reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption is best achieved through which of the following changes? The Initiate large-bore IV access. Bundle branch block has wide QRS complexes and the delayed depolarization travels to either the right ventricle in an anterior manner or the left ventricle in a lateral manner, which are referred to as right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block, respectively. Assess incison and dressing, Do not strain, do heavy lifting or hard exercise that B. Peritonitis. that pulmonary hypertension was improving. Immediate CPR and ACLS protocols, cardioversion, the placement of an internal pacemaker, amiodarone, lidocaine and antiarrhythmic medications may be used for the treatment of ventricular fibrillation according to the client's condition and their choices. Most clients affected with Wenckebach or Type I Mobitz heart block are asymptomatic but others may experience syncope, dizziness, fainting and feeling somewhat light headed. A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for shock. The rate is slow and less than 20 beats per minute, the rhythm is typically regular, the P wave is absent, the PR interval is not measurable, and the QRS interval is abnormally wide and more than 0.12 seconds with an abnormal T wave deflection. The physical alterations, signs and symptoms associated with decreased cardiac output include: The psychological alterations, signs and symptoms associated with decreased cardiac output include: Life style alterations may interfere with the client's activity level because the client with decreased cardiac output has a decrease in terms of their tolerance to exercise, fatigue, and weakness. Hemodynamic support would most likley The client with an idioventricular rhythm may present with mottled, cool and pale skin, dizziness, hypotension, weakness, and changes in terms of the client's mental status and level of consciousness. 1 mm Hg C. Reinforce teaching regarding gargling with warm saline several times daily. D. Diuretics. Sinus tachycardia is characterized with a cardiac rate of more than 100 beats per minute, the atrial and the ventricular rhythms are regular, the P wave occurs prior to each and every QRS complex, the P waves are uniform in shape, the length of the PR interval is from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds, the QRS complexes are uniform and the length of these QRS complexes are from 0.06 to 0.12 seconds. all of the antibiotics have been completed. Progressive- Compensatory mechanisms begin to fail 4. D. Metabolic acidosis Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is present in the compensatory stage of shock. medications to blood products. Reposition the client in bed at least every 2 hr and every 1 hr in a chair. Atrial flutter, which is a relatively frequently occurring tachyarrhymia, is characterized with a rapid atrial rate of 250 to 400 beats per minute, a variable ventricular rate, a regular atrial rhythm, a possibly irregular ventricular rhythm. state of inadequate tissue perfusion that impairs cellular function and, Types of Shock (identified by its underlying cause), failure of the heart to pump effectively due to a cardiac, a decrease in intravascular volume of at least 15%-30%, impairment of the heart to pump effectively as a result of, widespread vasodilation and increased capillary, permeability. septic shock. Atrial flutter is associated with the aging process, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a mitral valve defect, cardiomyopathy, ischemia; and the possible signs and symptoms of atrial flutter include weakness, shortness of breath, chest palpitations, angina pain, syncope and anxiety. 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